1. FreeBSD
FreeBSD. FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE . `` FreeBSD'' FreeBSD , .
FreeBSD, . 3, .
1.1.
, , , FreeBSD. , FreeBSD, README.TXT, , ; ( , ) Documentation .
- FreeBSD FAQ Handbook FreeBSD, .
, , , . .
, , . 4, . ERRATA.TXT , , .
: FreeBSD , . FreeBSD , .
1.4. FreeBSD CDROM
sparc64 . FreeBSD CDROM, PROM (OpenFirmware).
. , :
Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132. Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.
, L1+A Stop+A , BREAK (, ~# tip(1) cu(1)) PROM. :
ok (1) ok {0} (2)
CDROM PROM boot cdrom.
1.5.
, . FreeBSD, Documentation, ``Usage'' .
: , F1 , .
FreeBSD, , ``Standard'', . FreeBSD , , ``Express'' ``Custom''. , ``Upgrade''.
FreeBSD , DOS, NFS, UFS, CDROM ; .
1.5.1. CDROM
CDROM, . 1.4. CDROM CDROM , , :
-
FreeBSD FTP CDROM FreeBSD, : , FTP ( vipw(8)):
ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
, , Options any. FTP, ftp://machine ``URL'' ftp .
: ( ) ``'' FTP , .
-
NFS CDROM , , /etc/exports ( , CDROM). ziggy.foo.com CDROM NFS:
/cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com
, CDROM NFS , , NFS , rc.conf(5) . , , : cdrom-host:/cdrom NFS , , wiggy:/cdrom.
1.5.2.
, - , , , .
, . 1.3.
, . 2 ``Distribution Format'', , , .
, , 1.44MB , bin (binary distribution). DOS, MS-DOS FORMAT. Windows, format Windows File Manager.
: . , , , . , .
FreeBSD, , DOS . disklabel(8) newfs(8) UFS, :
# fdformat -f 1440 fd0 # disklabel -w fd0 floppy3 # newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0
DOS UFS, . , . , ..: a:\bin\bin.inf, a:\bin\bin.aa, a:\bin\bin.ab, ...
: bin.inf bin, , . , distname.inf .
Media, ``Floppy'' .
1.5.4. QIC/SCSI
, , tar(1), , , tar :
# cd /where/you/have/your/dists # tar cvf /dev/sa0 dist1 .. dist2
, ( ) . , . , , .
: . .
, . 1.3 .
1.5.5. FTP NFS
, , , 3 : , Ethernet.
1.5.5.2.
FreeBSD Linux, ``laplink'' . , ( 50/), . ``'' IP PPP RFC 1918 ( 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2, ..).
: Linux, FreeBSD PLIP, link0 TCP/IP, ``extra options for ifconfig'', PLIP Linux.
1.5.5.3. Ethernet
FreeBSD Ethernet; (HARDWARE.TXT Documentation CDROM). PCMCIA Ethernet , , . , FreeBSD PCMCIA `` '' .
IP , , . , . IP , ( PPP, IP ). FTP HTTP (. ), .
, . IP .
- , NFS FTP.
1.5.5.4. NFS
NFS : FreeBSD - NFS .
`` '' ( Sun Linux), Options .
Ethernet , Options.
NFS, ``subdir mounts'', .. FreeBSD wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, wiggy /usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, /usr /usr/archive/stuff.
FreeBSD /etc/exports -alldirs. NFS . Permission Denied, .
1.5.5.5. FTP
FTP , FreeBSD. , , FTP.
FTP , , , URL ``URL'' . URL IP , URL :
ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/sparc64/4.2-RELEASE
FTP , :
-
FTP: ``'' , . , FTP , . , .
-
FTP Passive: ``'' , . , , .
-
FTP HTTP : FreeBSD HTTP FTP . FTP. , FTP, HTTP . FTP .
, FTP HTTP, URL :
ftp://foo.bar.com:port/pub/FreeBSD
URL , port FTP .
2.
FreeBSD ( , , ):
ERRATA.HTM README.TXT compat1x dict kernel ERRATA.TXT RELNOTES.HTM compat20 doc manpages HARDWARE.HTM RELNOTES.TXT compat21 docbook.css packages HARDWARE.TXT base compat22 filename.txt ports INSTALL.HTM boot compat3x floppies proflibs INSTALL.TXT catpages compat4x games src README.HTM cdrom.inf crypto info tools
CDROM, FTP NFS , , , 1.44MB (. . 1.3), . , , . FreeBSD, ( ).
, , :
-
*.TXT *.HTM (, INSTALL.TXT INSTALL.HTM), . *.TXT , *.HTM HTML , . , PDF PostScript.
-
docbook.css Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), HTML .
-
base, catpages, crypto, dict, doc, games, info, manpages, proflibs, src FreeBSD , ( ).
-
compat1x, compat20, compat21, compat22, compat3x, compat4x gzip tar -- install.sh.
-
floppies/ ; . 1.3.
-
packages ports FreeBSD. packages :
#/stand/sysinstall configPackages
packages/ pkg_add(1).
190MB . http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/ /usr/share/doc/handbook doc.
-
, tools DOS , .. .
(, info) :
CHECKSUM.MD5 info.ab info.ad info.inf install.sh info.aa info.ac info.ae info.mtree
CHECKSUM.MD5 MD5 , . . info.a* gzip tar , :
# cat info.a* | tar tvzf -
.
info.inf , , . , .inf !
info.mtree - , . MD5 mtree(8) . base .
, install.sh , . , info CDROM , :
# cd /cdrom/info # sh install.sh
3. FreeBSD
FreeBSD.
: FreeBSD , ! , .
: , sysinstall(8), FreeBSD, . sysinstall(8) , . -- sysinstall(8) FreeBSD . .
: FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE FreeBSD 4-STABLE . FreeBSD 4-STABLE , , . /usr/include/g++, C++ ( ).
, FreeBSD 5-STABLE .
3.1.
FreeBSD. , , .
, , .
3.1.1.
. , , .
:
Xaccel.ini, XF86Config, adduser.conf, aliases, aliases.db, amd.map, crontab, csh.cshrc, csh.login, csh.logout, cvsupfile, dhclient.conf, disktab, dm.conf, dumpdates, exports, fbtab, fstab, ftpusers, gettytab, gnats, group, hosts, hosts.allow, hosts.equiv, hosts.lpd, inetd.conf, localtime, login.access, login.conf, mail, mail.rc, make.conf, manpath.config, master.passwd, motd, namedb, networks, newsyslog.conf, nsmb.conf, nsswitch.conf, pam.conf, passwd, periodic, ppp, printcap, profile, pwd.db, rc.conf, rc.conf.local, rc.firewall, rc.local, remote, resolv.conf, rmt, sendmail.cf, sendmail.cw, services, shells, skeykeys, spwd.db, ssh, syslog.conf, ttys, uucp
, , /etc/upgrade/. . , , -- .
/etc/. , .
3.3.
, ``'' , FreeBSD . FreeBSD . , , . , -STABLE -CURRENT.
/usr/src/UPDATING FreeBSD . , FreeBSD, .
4.
4.1. FreeBSD
FreeBSD ``Fixit'' . fixit.flp, , , ``live filesystem'' CDROM; CDROM FreeBSD.
fixit kern.flp, ``Fixit'' fixit CDROM . ( /stand /mnt2/stand) , . UNIX.
, FreeBSD, ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/sparc64/.
, FreeBSD, , <questions@FreeBSD.org>.
FreeBSD 5-STABLE <stable@FreeBSD.org>.
, , <doc@FreeBSD.org>.
Последнее изменение: 6 октября 2025 г. от Andrey Zakhvatov