FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE

FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE

FreeBSD

Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 FreeBSD

$FreeBSD: src/release/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/early-adopter/article.sgml,v 1.5.2.4 2005/04/01 13:11:04 den Exp $

FreeBSD FreeBSD Foundation.

Apple, FireWire, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, Quicktime TrueType Apple Computer, Inc., .

IBM, AIX, EtherJet, Netfinity, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390 ThinkPad International Business Machines Corporation , , .

IEEE, POSIX 802 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. .

Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium Xeon Intel Corporation .

Microsoft, FrontPage, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media Windows NT Microsoft Corporation / .

Sparc, Sparc64, SPARCEngine, UltraSPARC SPARC International, Inc . SPARC , Sun Microsystems, Inc.

, , . , FreeBSD , ``(TM)'' ``(R)''.

FreeBSD 4.X FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE , . FreeBSD. , FreeBSD 5.X, , , 4.X. , , . FreeBSD 5.X. FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE `` FreeBSD''.

1.

FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ``FreeBSD-STABLE''. 5.X , 4.X.

, 4.X 5.4-RELEASE. , , FreeBSD 5.X. , , . , FreeBSD 4.X FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE, .

2. FreeBSD

FreeBSD , . ``CURRENT'', CVS HEAD. ; CURRENT , , .

FreeBSD ``STABLE''. CURRENT. STABLE, ``4-STABLE'', , FreeBSD 4.X . CVS RELENG_4.

(3-STABLE and 4-STABLE) ( 3.1 4.0 ). CURRENT . , , .

5.X . FreeBSD 5.0, 5.1, 5.2 CURRENT. ( HEAD FreeBSD 4.0 2000 ).

``STABLE'', ``5-STABLE'' ( RELENG_5) CVS 5.X ( , 5.3). , , , 5.X.

, 5-STABLE Application Binary Interface (ABI) Application Program Interface (API). , ( ), , , .

CURRENT 6.0-RELEASE, CVS HEAD. 6.0, 2005 . , .

4-STABLE 4.11-RELEASE, 2005 . 4-STABLE, . 4.X . , 4-STABLE , FreeBSD.

FreeBSD `` FreeBSD''.

3.

FreeBSD 5.X , , FreeBSD 4-STABLE (, , , ). , :

  • SMPng: `` '' Symmetric MultiProcessor (SMP) . ``fine-grained locking'' , . .

  • KSE: Kernel Scheduled Entities , Scheduler Activations. libpthread libthr API pthread(3). libpthread .

  • : amd64, ia64, pc98 sparc64 i386 alpha. , powerpc ( PowerPC(R) Macintosh(R)) arm, .

  • GCC: 3.4.X, GCC 2.95.X.

  • MAC: , Mandatory Access Control ( ).

  • GEOM: , / . , , : , gbde(4), RAID, ( ggated(8) ), . geom_vinum GEOM VINUM.

  • FFS: FFS fsck(8) ( ) .

  • UFS2: UFS2, . UFS2 newfs(8). , pc98, , sysinstall(8), UFS2 .

  • : 5.X, TCP SACK (selective acknowledgements), pf(4) OpenBSD, ALTQ.

  • : , Cardbus, Bluetooth IEEE 802.11a/b/g, Atheros. , i386, , FreeBSD, Microsoft(R) Windows(R) ndis(4) .

FreeBSD 5.X.

4.

FreeBSD 4.X 5.X , , . , , . :

FreeBSD 5.X, src/UPDATING FreeBSD. FreeBSD ports/UPDATING ports/CHANGES .

5. FreeBSD 4.X

FreeBSD FreeBSD 4.X 5.X. FreeBSD, , src/UPDATING .

5.1.

`` , , , ''. , . ( -- UFS2 ).

, sysinstall(8) . .

, FreeBSD 4.X. ( , , i386), -, . 4.X , , . , , . 5.3-RELEASE, GENERIC, , . . , ( ), , : boot.flp, kern1.flp, kern2.flp.

CDROM i386™ ``-'' . , , GENERIC . , , Microsoft Windows NT(R) 4, Windows 2000, Windows XP 5.X.

CDROM 4.X. 5.4-RELEASE, ``live filesystem'' , ia64 ( ia64 live filesystem, ). .

5.2.

: , ( ), . , , UFS2.

, buildworld/installworld FreeBSD , , .

. buildworld/installworld, FreeBSD ( FreeBSD-STABLE FreeBSD-CURRENT). , , , . , , ( ).

src/UPDATING . , ``To upgrade in-place from 4.x-stable to current'' , , ``'', . :

  1. .

    . . dump(8) , .

  2. , / 30MB .

    FreeBSD 5.X , FreeBSD 4.X. /tmp / ( ), .

  3. /etc/fstab .

    FreeBSD/i386. , MBR , FreeBSD `` '', /dev/ad0a ( ). , /dev/ad0s1a. , : , .

    , `` '' FreeBSD 2.2.6-RELEASE. FreeBSD/alpha , , ``dangerously dediated''.

  4. cvs(1) , FreeBSD ( src/). 5.4-RELEASE CVS FreeBSD, RELENG_5_4_0_RELEASE. 5.4 , RELENG_5_4. FreeBSD 5-STABLE, RELENG_5. CVS , CVS -P, .

  5. FreeBSD 5.X , . :

    # mergemaster -p

    , .

    , FreeBSD 5.X nologin(8) /sbin/nologin /usr/sbin/nologin. - nologin(8) , /etc/passwd.

  6. :

    # cd /usr/src
# make buildworld

    CPUTYPE /etc/make.conf, ?=, buildworld .

    , MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX /etc/make.conf.

    , ``'', /etc/make.conf, . , FreeBSD, NO_TOOLCHAIN.

  7. :

    # make buildkernel

    , make(1) buildkernel, , , . config(8) .

    ( ) , GENERIC , . GENERIC FreeBSD 5.X, 4.X. , COMPAT_FREEBSD4 .

  8. ISA . ( i386) MACHINE.

    # cp sys/MACHINE/conf/GENERIC.hints /boot/device.hints

    , ISA ISA -PNP ( ), -PNPBIOS , , PNPBIOS .

  9. :

    # make installkernel

    , FreeBSD 4.X /kernel, FreeBSD 5.X /boot/kernel/kernel. 4.X /modules, 5.X /boot/kernel.

  10. FreeBSD 5.X :

    # cd /usr/src/sys/boot
# make STRIP="" install

    , .

  11. ( VMware) , ABI .

  12. . , . , , .

  13. :

    # fsck -p
# mount -uw /
# mount -at ufs

    , fsck(8) FreeBSD 5.X. , UTC, :

    # adjkerntz -i

    ( ).

    WARNING: userland calling deprecated sysctl, please rebuild world

    .

  14. C++:

    # rm -rf /usr/include/g++

    , GCC 2.95 C++, .

  15. :

    # cd /usr/src
# make installworld

  16. , named(8), chroot(8), /var/named. - /var/named, .

    # cd /etc
# mv named named.bak
# mkdir -p /var/named/etc/namedb
# cp -Rp named.bak/* /var/named/etc/namedb

    localhost, :

    # cd /var/named/etc/namedb
# /bin/sh make-localhost
# rm -f localhost-v6.rev localhost.rev

    , BIND:

    # rm /usr/sbin/nslookup
# rm /usr/sbin/nsupdate

  17. , :

    # mergemaster -i

    . /etc .

    mergemaster(8), ( ) /etc/rc.conf. , , ; , , 4.X, 5.X.

  18. BIND 8:

    # rm /usr/bin/dnskeygen /usr/bin/dnsquery
# rm /usr/libexec/named-xfer
# rm /usr/sbin/named.restart /usr/sbin/ndc

  19. .

, , , . Perl ( , lang/perl5.8) . / , Perl, .

FreeBSD 4.X , . / misc/compat4x.

, Xorg X Window System . ( ) , . XFree86 Xorg, X11 FreeBSD.

6.

FreeBSD 5.X, , , FreeBSD 4.X. , , .

[1]

, a.out i386 pc98 COMPAT_AOUT. (, lang/gcc28) a.out.

, FreeBSD, ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/.

, FreeBSD, , <questions@FreeBSD.org>.

FreeBSD 5-STABLE <stable@FreeBSD.org>.

, , <doc@FreeBSD.org>.

Последнее изменение: 6 октября 2025 г. от Andrey Zakhvatov