FreeBSD/alpha 5.4-RELEASE

FreeBSD/alpha 5.4-RELEASE

FreeBSD

Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 FreeBSD

FreeBSD/alpha 5.4-RELEASE, FreeBSD. .

1. FreeBSD

FreeBSD. FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE . `` FreeBSD'' FreeBSD , .

FreeBSD, . 3, .

1.1.

, , , FreeBSD. , FreeBSD, README.TXT, , ; ( , ) Documentation .

- FreeBSD FAQ Handbook FreeBSD, .

, , , . .

, , . 4, . ERRATA.TXT , , .

: FreeBSD , . FreeBSD , .

1.2.

FreeBSD Alpha/AXP , HARDWARE.TXT.

FreeBSD/alpha. . SCSI , SRM firmware IDE , IDE .

( a) , .

firmware SRM . AlphaBIOS ( ARC) firmware SRM. firmware .

FreeBSD, HARDWARE.TXT; , FreeBSD.

1.3.

FreeBSD, ( ) . CDROM . , FreeBSD CDROM , CDROM, .

CDROM , boot.flp kernX.flp floppies/ ( 1.44MB ).

. release/floppies/boot.flp release/floppies/kernX.flp ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/ , FTP , http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/.

, boot.flp , kernX.flp . DOS . DOS UFS , fdimage.exe DOS ( tools CDROM FTP FreeBSD) dd(1) UNIX.

, DOS, :

C> fdimage boot.flp a:

, fdimage.exe boot.flp . kernX.flp .

UNIX, :

# dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0


# dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/fd0


# dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/floppy

( UNIX - ).

1.4. FreeBSD CDROM

CDROM. CDROM CD FreeBSD, FreeBSD . ( CDROM ):

>>>boot dka0

. floppies/boot.flp floppies/kernX.flp, . 1.3. boot.flp, SRM (>>>) :

>>>boot dva0

.

1.5.

, . FreeBSD, Documentation, ``Usage'' .

: , F1 , .

FreeBSD, , ``Standard'', . FreeBSD , , ``Express'' ``Custom''. , ``Upgrade''.

FreeBSD , DOS, NFS, UFS, CDROM ; .

, FreeBSD/alpha SRM :

>>>boot dkc0

firmware . SRM , show device:

>>>show device
dka0.0.0.4.0               DKA0           TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-57  3476
dkc0.0.0.1009.0            DKC0                       RZ1BB-BS  0658
dkc100.1.0.1009.0          DKC100             SEAGATE ST34501W  0015
dva0.0.0.0.1               DVA0
ewa0.0.0.3.0               EWA0              00-00-F8-75-6D-01
pkc0.7.0.1009.0            PKC0                  SCSI Bus ID 7  5.27
pqa0.0.0.4.0               PQA0                       PCI EIDE
pqb0.0.1.4.0               PQB0                       PCI EIDE

Digital Personal Workstation 433au , . CDROM, dka0, dkc0 dkc100 .

-file -flags, :

>>> boot -file kernel.old -flags s

FreeBSD/alpha, :

>>> set boot_osflags a
>>> set bootdef_dev dkc0
>>> set auto_action BOOT

1.5.1. CDROM

CDROM, . 1.4. CDROM CDROM , , :

  • FreeBSD FTP CDROM FreeBSD, : , FTP ( vipw(8)):

    ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin

    , , Options any. FTP, ftp://machine ``URL'' ftp .

    : ( ) ``'' FTP , .

  • NFS CDROM , , /etc/exports ( , CDROM). ziggy.foo.com CDROM NFS:

    /cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com

    , CDROM NFS , , NFS , rc.conf(5) . , , : cdrom-host:/cdrom NFS , , wiggy:/cdrom.

1.5.2.

, - , , , .

, . 1.3.

, . 2 ``Distribution Format'', , , .

, , 1.44MB , bin (binary distribution). DOS, MS-DOS FORMAT. Windows, format Windows File Manager.

: . , , , . , .

FreeBSD, , DOS . disklabel(8) newfs(8) UFS, :

# fdformat -f 1440 fd0
# disklabel -w fd0 floppy3
# newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0

DOS UFS, . , . , ..: a:\bin\bin.inf, a:\bin\bin.aa, a:\bin\bin.ab, ...

: bin.inf bin, , . , distname.inf .

Media, ``Floppy'' .

1.5.4. QIC/SCSI

, , tar(1), , , tar :

# cd /where/you/have/your/dists
# tar cvf /dev/sa0 dist1 .. dist2

, ( ) . , . , , .

: . .

, . 1.3 .

1.5.5. FTP NFS

, , , 3 : , Ethernet.

1.5.5.1.

SLIP , , . , SLIP . , PPP.

PPP, , IP DNS, . IP , PPP , .

``AT '' , PPP .

1.5.5.2.

FreeBSD Linux, ``laplink'' . , ( 50/), . ``'' IP PPP RFC 1918 ( 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2, ..).

: Linux, FreeBSD PLIP, link0 TCP/IP, ``extra options for ifconfig'', PLIP Linux.

1.5.5.3. Ethernet

FreeBSD Ethernet; (HARDWARE.TXT Documentation CDROM). PCMCIA Ethernet , , . , FreeBSD PCMCIA `` '' .

IP , , . , . IP , ( PPP, IP ). FTP HTTP (. ), .

, . IP .

- , NFS FTP.

1.5.5.4. NFS

NFS : FreeBSD - NFS .

`` '' ( Sun Linux), Options .

Ethernet , Options.

NFS, ``subdir mounts'', .. FreeBSD wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, wiggy /usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, /usr /usr/archive/stuff.

FreeBSD /etc/exports -alldirs. NFS . Permission Denied, .

1.5.5.5. FTP

FTP , FreeBSD. , , FTP.

FTP , , , URL ``URL'' . URL IP , URL :

ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/alpha/4.2-RELEASE

FTP , :

  • FTP: ``'' , . , FTP , . , .

  • FTP Passive: ``'' , . , , .

  • FTP HTTP : FreeBSD HTTP FTP . FTP. , FTP, HTTP . FTP .

    , FTP HTTP, URL :

    ftp://foo.bar.com:port/pub/FreeBSD

    URL , port FTP .



1.5.6.

FreeBSD , (.. VGA ), :

  1. ANSI (vt100) COM1 PC, FreeBSD.

  2. (, !) CDROM, , .

  3. , . CDROM, 5 .

  4. , kernX.flp Enter. kernX.flp Enter, kernX.flp. , boot.flp Enter.

  5. 6, 

    boot -h

    . , . 9600 , 8 , .

1.6. Alpha/AXP

1.6.1. ARC Alpha BIOS ?
1.6.2. !! ! ??
1.6.3. Compaq Tru64 VMS?
1.6.4. Compaq Tru64 (OSF/1)?
1.6.5. Linux?
1.6.6. NT Alpha?

1.6.1. ARC Alpha BIOS ?

. FreeBSD, Compaq Tru64 VMS, SRM .

1.6.2. !! ! ??

, .

1.6.3. Compaq Tru64 VMS?

.

1.6.4. Compaq Tru64 (OSF/1)?

FreeBSD Tru64 / emulators/osf1_base.

1.6.5. Linux?

FreeBSD AlphaLinux / emulators/linux_base.

1.6.6. NT Alpha?

FreeBSD NT, NT.

2.

FreeBSD ( , , ):

ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools

, -. ``live filesystem''. FreeBSD ( . 4 ).

floppies , - ( . 1.44 , floppies (. . 1.3), CDROM, FTP, NFS. , , . FreeBSD, ( ).

, , :

  1. *.TXT *.HTM (, INSTALL.TXT INSTALL.HTM), . *.TXT , *.HTM HTML , . , PDF PostScript.

  2. docbook.css Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), HTML .

  3. base, catpages, crypto, dict, doc, games, info, manpages, proflibs, src FreeBSD , ( ).

  4. compat1x, compat20, compat21, compat22, compat3x, compat4x gzip tar -- install.sh.

  5. floppies/ ; . 1.3.

  6. packages ports FreeBSD. packages :

    #/stand/sysinstall configPackages

    packages/ pkg_add(1).

    190MB . http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/ /usr/share/doc/handbook doc.

  7. , tools DOS , .. .



(, info) :

CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree

CHECKSUM.MD5 MD5 , . . info.a* gzip tar , :

# cat info.a* | tar tvzf -

.

info.inf , , . , .inf !

info.mtree - , . MD5 mtree(8) . base .

, install.sh , . , info CDROM , :

# cd /cdrom/info
# sh install.sh

3. FreeBSD

FreeBSD.

: FreeBSD , ! , .

: , sysinstall(8), FreeBSD, . sysinstall(8) , . -- sysinstall(8) FreeBSD . .

: FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE FreeBSD 4-STABLE . FreeBSD 4-STABLE , , . /usr/include/g++, C++ ( ).

, FreeBSD 5-STABLE .

3.1.

FreeBSD. , , .

, , .

3.1.1.

. , , .

:

Xaccel.ini, XF86Config, adduser.conf, aliases, aliases.db, amd.map, crontab, csh.cshrc, csh.login, csh.logout, cvsupfile, dhclient.conf, disktab, dm.conf, dumpdates, exports, fbtab, fstab, ftpusers, gettytab, gnats, group, hosts, hosts.allow, hosts.equiv, hosts.lpd, inetd.conf, localtime, login.access, login.conf, mail, mail.rc, make.conf, manpath.config, master.passwd, motd, namedb, networks, newsyslog.conf, nsmb.conf, nsswitch.conf, pam.conf, passwd, periodic, ppp, printcap, profile, pwd.db, rc.conf, rc.conf.local, rc.firewall, rc.local, remote, resolv.conf, rmt, sendmail.cf, sendmail.cw, services, shells, skeykeys, spwd.db, ssh, syslog.conf, ttys, uucp

, , /etc/upgrade/. . , , -- .

/etc/. , .

3.2.

. , .

3.2.1.

. , .

3.2.2.

. . . ``newfs flag'' , .

3.2.3.

. , base, man . , .

3.2.4.

. . , /etc/rc.conf /etc/fstab.

3.3.

, ``'' , FreeBSD . FreeBSD . , , . , -STABLE -CURRENT.

/usr/src/UPDATING FreeBSD . , FreeBSD, .

4.

4.1. FreeBSD

FreeBSD ``fixit'' sysinstall(8). , FreeBSD; FreeBSD. fixit fixit.flp, , , - ``live filesystem''. FreeBSD, live filesystem . , fixit UNIX.

fixit. , - FreeBSD, ``fixit'' sysinstall(8). ``CDROM/DVD''.

, -, , . boot.flp kernX.flp, , fixit.flp, , . sysinstall(8). ``fixit'' sysinstall(8). ``Floppy'' fixit.flp, .

- , . , . - live filesystem , FreeBSD. , .

, /stand, /mnt2/stand. , /stand /mnt2/rescue ( live filesystem, /mnt).

4.2. , Alpha/AXP

, FreeBSD, ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/.

, FreeBSD, , <questions@FreeBSD.org>.

FreeBSD 5-STABLE <stable@FreeBSD.org>.

, , <doc@FreeBSD.org>.

Последнее изменение: 6 октября 2025 г. от Andrey Zakhvatov