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URTWN(4) FreeBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual URTWN(4) NAME urtwn -- Realtek RTL8188CU/RTL8188EU/RTL8192CU/RTL8192EU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless network device SYNOPSIS urtwn* at uhub? port ? DESCRIPTION The urtwn driver supports USB 2.0 wireless network devices based on Real- tek RTL8188CU, RTL8188CE-VAU, RTL8188EU, RTL8188RU, RTL8192CU and RTL8192EU chipsets. The RTL8188CU and RTL8188EU are highly integrated 802.11n adapters that combine a MAC, a 1T1R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. They operate in the 2GHz spectrum only. The RTL8188RU is a high-power variant of the RTL8188CU. The RTL8188CE-VAU is a PCI Express Mini Card adapter that attaches to the USB interface. The RTL8192CU and RTL8192EU are highly integrated multiple-in, multiple- out (MIMO) 802.11n adapters that combine a MAC, a 2T2R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. They operate in the 2GHz spectrum only. These are the modes the urtwn driver can operate in: BSS mode Also known as infrastructure mode, this is used when asso- ciating with an access point, through which all traffic passes. This mode is the default. monitor mode In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without associating with an access point. This disables the in- ternal receive filter and enables the card to capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have ac- cess to, or to scan for access points. The urtwn driver can be configured to use Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA1 and WPA2). WPA2 is the current encryp- tion standard for wireless networks. It is strongly recommended that neither WEP nor WPA1 are used as the sole mechanism to secure wireless communication, due to serious weaknesses. WPA1 is disabled by default and may be enabled using the option "wpaprotos wpa1,wpa2". For standard WPA networks which use pre-shared keys (PSK), keys are configured using the "wpakey" option. WPA-Enterprise networks require use of the wpa_sup- plicant package. The urtwn driver can be configured at runtime with ifconfig(8) or on boot with hostname.if(5). FILES The driver needs at least version 1.1p0 of the following firmware files, which are loaded when an interface is attached: /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8192cfwT /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8192cfwU /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8192eu_nic /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8723fw /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8188eufw A prepackaged version of the firmware can be installed using fw_update(1). HARDWARE The following adapters should work: Airlink101 AWLL5088 Alfa AWUS036NHR Approx APPUSB300NANO V1 Aus. Linx AL-9604R1S B-Link BL-LW05-5R Belkin F7D1102 Surf Wireless Micro D-Link DWA-121 D-Link DWA-123 rev D1 D-Link DWA-125 rev D1 D-Link DWA-131 rev B, E1 D-Link DWA-133 D-Link DWA-135 Digitus DN-7042 Edimax EW-7811Un Edimax EW-7811Un v2 EDUP EP-N8508 Elecom WDC-150SU2M Full River FR-W100NUL Hercules Wireless N USB Pico HWNUp-150 IO-DATA WN-G150UM ISY IWL4000 USB Wireless Micro Adapter Netgear WNA1000A Netgear WNA1000M Netgear WNA1000Mv2 On Networks N300MA Patriot PCUSBW1150 Planex GW-USEco300 Planex GW-USNano2 Planex GW-USValue-EZ Planex GW-USWExtreme POWCHIP POW-N18 Prolink WN2201 Sitecom WL-365 Sitecom WLA-2100 v2 Solwise NET-WL-UMD-606N TP-LINK TL-WN722N v2 TP-LINK TL-WN723N v3 TP-LINK TL-WN725N v2 TP-LINK TL-WN821N v4 TP-LINK TL-WN821N v5 TP-LINK TL-WN822N v4 TP-LINK TL-WN822N v5 TRENDnet TEW-648UBM EXAMPLES The following example scans for available networks: # ifconfig urtwn0 scan The following hostname.if(5) example configures urtwn0 to join network "mynwid", using WPA key "mywpakey", obtaining an IP address using DHCP: nwid mynwid wpakey mywpakey dhcp DIAGNOSTICS urtwn0: error N, could not read firmware ... For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the filesystem. The file might be missing or corrupted. urtwn0: device timeout A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmis- sion did not complete in time. The driver will reset the hardware. This should not happen. SEE ALSO arp(4), ifmedia(4), intro(4), netintro(4), usb(4), hostname.if(5), ifconfig(8) HISTORY The urtwn driver first appeared in OpenBSD 4.9. AUTHORS The urtwn driver was written by Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr>. CAVEATS The urtwn driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by the adapters. Additional work is required in ieee80211(9) before those features can be supported. This driver does not support powersave mode. FreeBSD 13.0 November 15, 2020 FreeBSD 13.0
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | FILES | HARDWARE | EXAMPLES | DIAGNOSTICS | SEE ALSO | HISTORY | AUTHORS | CAVEATS
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