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SSH-AGENT(1) BSD General Commands Manual SSH-AGENT(1) NAME ssh-agent -- authentication agent SYNOPSIS ssh-agent [-c | -s] [-dx] [-a bind_address] [-t life] [command [arg ...]] ssh-agent [-c | -s] -k DESCRIPTION ssh-agent is a program to hold private keys used for public key authenti- cation (RSA, DSA, ECDSA, ED25519). The idea is that ssh-agent is started in the beginning of an X-session or a login session, and all other win- dows or programs are started as clients to the ssh-agent program. Through use of environment variables the agent can be located and auto- matically used for authentication when logging in to other machines using ssh(1). The options are as follows: -a bind_address Bind the agent to the UNIX-domain socket bind_address. The de- fault is $TMPDIR/ssh-XXXXXXXXXX/agent._ppid_. -c Generate C-shell commands on stdout. This is the default if SHELL looks like it's a csh style of shell. -d Debug mode. When this option is specified ssh-agent will not fork. -k Kill the current agent (given by the SSH_AGENT_PID environment variable). -s Generate Bourne shell commands on stdout. This is the default if SHELL does not look like it's a csh style of shell. -t life Set a default value for the maximum lifetime of identities added to the agent. The lifetime may be specified in seconds or in a time format specified in sshd_config(5). A lifetime specified for an identity with ssh-add(1) overrides this value. Without this option the default maximum lifetime is forever. -x Exit after the last client has disconnected. If a commandline is given, this is executed as a subprocess of the agent. When the command dies, so does the agent. The agent initially does not have any private keys. Keys are added using ssh-add(1). When executed without arguments, ssh-add(1) adds the files ~/.ssh/id_rsa, ~/.ssh/id_dsa, ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa, ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 and ~/.ssh/identity. If the identity has a passphrase, ssh-add(1) asks for the passphrase on the terminal if it has one or from a small X11 program if running under X11. If neither of these is the case then the authenti- cation will fail. It then sends the identity to the agent. Several identities can be stored in the agent; the agent can automatically use any of these identities. ssh-add -l displays the identities currently held by the agent. The idea is that the agent is run in the user's local PC, laptop, or ter- minal. Authentication data need not be stored on any other machine, and authentication passphrases never go over the network. However, the con- nection to the agent is forwarded over SSH remote logins, and the user can thus use the privileges given by the identities anywhere in the net- work in a secure way. There are two main ways to get an agent set up: The first is that the agent starts a new subcommand into which some environment variables are exported, eg ssh-agent xterm &. The second is that the agent prints the needed shell commands (either sh(1) or csh(1) syntax can be generated) which can be evaluated in the calling shell, eg eval `ssh-agent -s` for Bourne-type shells such as sh(1) or ksh(1) and eval `ssh-agent -c` for csh(1) and derivatives. Later ssh(1) looks at these variables and uses them to establish a con- nection to the agent. The agent will never send a private key over its request channel. In- stead, operations that require a private key will be performed by the agent, and the result will be returned to the requester. This way, pri- vate keys are not exposed to clients using the agent. A UNIX-domain socket is created and the name of this socket is stored in the SSH_AUTH_SOCK environment variable. The socket is made accessible only to the current user. This method is easily abused by root or an- other instance of the same user. The SSH_AGENT_PID environment variable holds the agent's process ID. The agent exits automatically when the command given on the command line terminates. FILES ~/.ssh/identity Contains the protocol version 1 RSA authentication identity of the user. ~/.ssh/id_dsa Contains the protocol version 2 DSA authentication identity of the user. ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa Contains the protocol version 2 ECDSA authentication identity of the user. ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 Contains the protocol version 2 ED25519 authentication identity of the user. ~/.ssh/id_rsa Contains the protocol version 2 RSA authentication identity of the user. $TMPDIR/ssh-XXXXXXXXXX/agent.<ppid> UNIX-domain sockets used to contain the connection to the authen- tication agent. These sockets should only be readable by the owner. The sockets should get automatically removed when the agent exits. SEE ALSO ssh(1), ssh-add(1), ssh-keygen(1), sshd(8) AUTHORS OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen. Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos, Theo de Raadt and Dug Song removed many bugs, re-added newer features and cre- ated OpenSSH. Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0. BSD December 7, 2013 BSD
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | FILES | SEE ALSO | AUTHORS
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