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environ(5) File Formats Manual environ(5) NAME environ - user environment DESCRIPTION An array of strings called the is made available by exec(2) when a process begins. By convention, these strings have the form name=value. The following names are used by various commands (listed in alphabeti- cal order): HOME Name of the user's login directory, set by login(1) from the password file (see passwd(4)). LANG Identifies the user's requirements for native language, lo- cal customs and coded character set, if the environment variables LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, and LC_TIME are unset or null. The format of LANG is: LANG=language[_territory][.codeset] The valid values for LANG are supported locales. (See lang(5).) Native Language Support (NLS) is initiated at run-time by calling setlocale(3C). The following call to setlocale binds the execution of a program to the user's language requirements: setlocale(LC_ALL,""); This setlocale call initializes the program locale from the environment variables associated with setlocale. LANG pro- vides the necessary defaults if any of the category-spe- cific environment variables are not set or set to the empty string. The LANG environment variable can have a maximum length of SL_NAME_SIZE bytes (see header file <locale.h>). LANGOPTS Defines language options for mode and data order in the form: LANGOPTS=[mode][_order] LANGOPTS values are given in English as an ASCII character string. mode describes the mode of a file where l (ell) represents Latin mode and n represents non-Latin mode. Non-Latin mode is assumed for values other than l and n. order describes the data order of a file where k is key- board order and s is screen order. LC_ALL Determines the values for all locale categories. The value of LC_ALL has precedence over any of the other environment variables LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, and LANG . LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, and LC_TIME determines the user's requirements for language, territory, and codeset with respect to character collation, character classification and conversion, output messages, currency symbol and monetary value format, numeric data presenta- tion, and time formats, respectively. If LC_ALL and any of these are not defined in the environment, LANG provides the defaults. Syntax for the environment variables LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, and LC_TIME is: language[_territory][.codeset][@modifier] The language field conforms with ISO 639 standard for lan- guage names and the territory field conforms with the ISO 3166 territory names. For a list of the locale names, see lang(5). The @modifier field allows the user to select between more than one value of a category within the same language defi- nition. HP-UX does not currently provide locales with mod- ifiers. The values of the locale categories are determined by a precedence order; the first condition met below determines the value: 1. If the LC_ALL environment variable is defined and is not null, the value of LC_ALL is used. 2. If the LC_* environment variable (LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME) is defined and is not null, the value of the environment variable is used to initialize the category that corresponds to the en- vironment variable. 3. If the LANG environment variable is defined and is not null, the value of the LANG environment variable is used. 4. If the LANG environment variable is not set or is set to the empty string, the POSIX/C default locale is used. (See lang(5).) LC_COLLATE Determines the locale category for character collation. It determines collation information for regular expressions and sorting, including equivalence classes and multi-char- acter collating elements, in various utilities and str- coll(3C) and strxfrm(3C) (see string(3C)). LC_CTYPE Determines the locale category for character classification (such as alphabetic, digit, upper-case.) See isalpha(3C), isdigit(3C), and isupper(3C), character conversion in ctype(3C). See toupper(3C), tolower(3C), and the interpre- tation of text as single-byte or multi-byte characters in conv(3C). LC_MESSAGES Determines the locale category for processing affirmative and negative responses and the language and cultural con- ventions in which diagnostic and informative messages should be written. It may also affect the behavior of catopen(3C) in determining the message catalog to open. LC_MONETARY Determines the locale category for monetary-related numeric formatting information. LC_NUMERIC Determines the locale category for numeric formatting in- formation (such as the thousands separator and the radix character) in various utilities as well as the formatted I/O operations in printf(3S) and scanf(3S) and the string conversion functions in strtod(3C). LC_TIME Determines the locale category for date and time formatting information. It affects the behavior of time functions in strftime(3C). MANPATH Contains a colon-separated list of directory prefixes to be searched by man(1) for manual entries. Upon logging in, (or sets If the file exists, the default settings are taken from this file. MANPATH uses the same syntax as the PATH environment vari- able, with the addition of recognizing the specifiers and as used in the NLSPATH environment variable. See NLSPATH below for a description of these specifiers. This provides a way to specify paths to locale-specific manual entries. It is assumed that each of the prefixes given in MANPATH contain subdirectories of the form and (See man(1), cat- man(1M), and fixman(1M).) NLSPATH Contains a sequence of pseudo-pathnames used by catopen(3C) when attempting to locate message catalogs. Each pseudo- pathname contains a name template consisting of an optional path prefix, one or more substitution field descriptors, a file name and an optional file name suffix. For example: NLSPATH="/system/nlslib/%N.cat" defines that catopen(3C) should look for all message cata- logs in the directory , where the catalog name should be constructed from the name parameter passed to catopen (3C) (%N) with the suffix Field descriptors consist of a followed by a single charac- ter. Field descriptors and their substitution values are: The value of the name parameter passed to catopen(3C). The value of LC_MESSAGES. The language element from LC_MESSAGES. The territory element from LC_MESSAGES. The codeset element from LC_MESSAGES. Replaced by a single For example, given: catopen(3C) attempts to open the file as a message catalog. A null string is substituted if the specified value is not defined. Separators are not included in and substitutions. Note that a default value is not supplied for If LC_MES- SAGES is not set and NLSPATH had the value in the previous example, catopen(3C) would attempt to open the file as a message catalog. Path names defined in NLSPATH are separated by colons A leading colon or two adjacent colons is equivalent to spec- ifying For example, given: catopen(3C) with the oflag parameter set to will attempt to open the following files in the indicated order: ./name, ./name.cat, and /nlslib/$LC_MESSAGES/name.cat. The first file successfully opened is taken as the message catalog. A default pseudo-pathname defined by the system is effec- tively appended to NLSPATH and used by catopen(3C) whenever a message catalog cannot be opened in any of the user de- fined pseudo-pathnames. This system-wide default path is: If catopen(3C) is invoked from a or application with owner root, the environment variable NLSPATH is not used. In- stead the system file is used to locate the message cata- logs. See nlspath(4) for details. PAGER PAGER indicates the paginator through which output from certain commands is piped. Its value must be a string specifying the complete command line of the desired pagina- tor. Two examples are: PAGER affects several commands, including man(1) and the interactive mailers. Some of the affected commands provide alternate means of selecting a pager in case there is a conflict. See the individual manual entries for details. PATH PATH indicates the sequence of directory prefixes that sh(1), time(1), nice(1), nohup(1), and others search when looking for a file known by an incomplete path name. Pre- fixes are separated by colons The login(1) command sets PATH=:/usr/bin. TERM TERM identifies the kind of terminal for which output is to be prepared. This information is used by commands such as vi(1) and mm(1), which can exploit special capabilities of that terminal. TZ TZ sets time zone information. TZ can be set using the format: [:]STDoffset[DST[offset][,rule]] where: Three or more bytes that designate the standard time zone and summer (or day- light-savings) time zone is required. If is not specified, summer time does not apply in this locale. Any characters other than dig- its, comma minus plus or ASCII NUL are al- lowed. offset offset is the value that must be added to local time to arrive at Coordinated Univer- sal Time (UTC). Offset is of the form : hh[:mm[:ss]] Hour (hh) is any value from 0 through 23. The optional minutes (mm) and seconds (ss) fields are a value from 0 through 59. The hour field is required. If offset is pre- ceded by a the time zone is east of the Prime Meridian. A preceding offset indi- cates that the time zone is west of the Prime Meridian. The default case is west of the Prime Meridian. rule rule indicates when to change to and from summer (daylight-savings) time. The rule has the form : date/time,date/time where the first specifies when to change from standard to summer time, and the second specifies when to change back. The time field is expressed in current local time. The form of date should be one of the fol- lowing : Julian day n (1 through 365). Leap days are not counted. February 29 cannot be referenced. n The zero-based Julian day (0 through 365). Leap days are counted. February 29 can be ref- erenced. Mm.n.d The d day (0 through 6) of week n (1 through 5) of month m (1 through 12) of the year. Week 5 refers to the last day d of month m. Week 1 is the week in which the first day of the month falls. Day 0 is Sunday. time Time has the same format as off- set except that no leading sign ("-" or "+") is allowed. The de- fault, if time is not given, is 02:00:00. While the STD field and the offset field for STD must be specified, if the DST field is also provided, the system will supply de- fault values for other fields not specified. These default values come from file (see tztab(4)), and, in general, reflect the var- ious historical dates for start and end of summer time. Additional names may be placed in the environment by the export command and "name=value" arguments in sh(1), or by exec(2). It is unwise to add names that conflict with the following shell variables frequently exported by files: and The environment of a process is accessible from C by using the global variable: which points to an array of pointers to the strings that comprise the environment. The array is terminated by a null pointer. WARNINGS Some HP-UX commands and library routines do not use the LANG, LC_COL- LATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, or LANGOPTS environ- ment variables. Some commands do not use message catalogs, so NLSPATH does not affect their behavior. See the EXTERNAL INFLUENCES section of specific commands and library routines for implementation details. NOTES Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is equivalent to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). AUTHOR was developed by AT&T and HP. SEE ALSO env(1), login(1), sh(1), exec(2), catopen(3C), ctime(3C), getenv(3C), setlocale(3C), nlspath(4), profile(4), lang(5), term(5), tztab(4). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE environ(5)
NAME | DESCRIPTION | WARNINGS | NOTES | AUTHOR | SEE ALSO | STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
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