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home | helpCCDCONFIG(8) FreeBSD System Manager's Manual CCDCONFIG(8) NAME ccdconfig -- configuration utility for the concatenated disk driver SYNOPSIS ccdconfig [-cv] ccd ileave [flags] dev [file ...] ccdconfig -C [-v] [-f config_file] ccdconfig -u [-v] ccd [file ...] ccdconfig -U [-v] [-f config_file] ccdconfig -g [ccd [...]] DESCRIPTION The ccdconfig utility is used to dynamically configure and unconfigure concatenated disk devices, or ccds. For more information about the ccd, see ccd(4). The options are as follows: -c Configure a ccd. This is the default behavior of ccdconfig. -C Configure all ccd devices listed in the ccd configuration file. -f config_file When configuring or unconfiguring all devices, read the file config_file instead of the default /etc/ccd.conf. -g Dump the current ccd configuration in a format suitable for use as the ccd configuration file. If no arguments are specified, every configured ccd is dumped. Otherwise, the configuration of each listed ccd is dumped. -u Unconfigure a ccd. -U Unconfigure all ccd devices listed the ccd configuration file. -v Cause ccdconfig to be verbose. A ccd is described on the command line and in the ccd configuration file by the name of the ccd, the interleave factor, the ccd configuration flags, and a list of one or more devices. The flags may be represented as a decimal number, a hexadecimal number, a comma-separated list of strings, or the word ``none''. The flags are as follows: CCDF_UNIFORM 0x02 Use uniform interleave CCDF_MIRROR 0x04 Support mirroring The format in the configuration file appears exactly as if it were entered on the command line. Note that on the command line and in the configuration file, the flags argument is optional. # # /etc/ccd.conf # Configuration file for concatenated disk devices # # ccd ileave flags component devices ccd0 16 none /dev/da2e /dev/da3e The component devices need to name partitions of type FS_BSDFFS (or ``4.2BSD'' as shown by disklabel(8)). EXAMPLES A number of ccdconfig examples are shown below. The arguments passed to ccdconfig are exactly the same as you might place in the /etc/ccd.conf configuration file. The first example creates a 4-disk stripe out of four scsi disk partitions. The stripe uses a 64 sector interleave. The second example is an example of a complex stripe/mirror combination. It reads as a two disk stripe of da2e and da3e which is mirrored to a two disk stripe of da4e and da5e. The last example is a simple mirror. /dev/da2e is mirrored with /dev/da4e and assigned to ccd0. # ccdconfig ccd0 64 none /dev/da2e /dev/da3e /dev/da4e /dev/da5e # ccdconfig ccd0 128 CCDF_MIRROR /dev/da2e /dev/da3e /dev/da4e /dev/da5e # ccdconfig ccd0 128 CCDF_MIRROR /dev/da2e /dev/da4e When you create a new ccd disk you generally want to disklabel(8) it before doing anything else. Once you create the initial label you can edit it, adding additional partitions. The label itself takes up the first 16 sectors of the ccd disk. If all you are doing is creating file systems with newfs, you do not have to worry about this as newfs will skip the label area. However, if you intend to dd(1) to or from a ccd partition it is usually a good idea to construct the partition such that it does not overlap the label area. For example, if you have A ccd disk with 10000 sectors you might create a 'd' partition with offset 16 and size 9984. # disklabel ccd0 > /tmp/disklabel.ccd0 # disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.ccd0 # disklabel -e ccd0 The disklabeling of a ccd disk is usually a one-time affair. Unlike other devices, ccd currently requires that you specify partition 'c' when running disklabel. If you reboot the machine and reconfigure the ccd disk, the disklabel you had created before will still be there and not require reinitialization. Beware that changing any ccd parameters: interleave, flags, or the device list making up the ccd disk, will usu- ally destroy any prior data on that ccd disk. If this occurs it is usu- ally a good idea to reinitialize the label before [re]constructing your ccd disk. RECOVERY An error on a ccd disk is usually unrecoverable unless you are using the mirroring option. But mirroring has its own perils: It assumes that both copies of the data at any given sector are the same. This holds true until a write error occurs or until you replace either side of the mirror. This is a poor-man's mirroring implementation. It works well enough that if you begin to get disk errors you should be able to backup the ccd disk, replace the broken hardware, and then regenerate the ccd disk. If you need more than this you should look into external hardware RAID SCSI boxes, RAID controllers such as the dpt(4) controller, or soft- ware RAID systems such as vinum(8). FILES /etc/ccd.conf default ccd configuration file SEE ALSO dd(1), ccd(4), dpt(4), disklabel(8), rc(8), vinum(8) BUGS The initial disklabel returned by ccd(4) specifies only 3 partitions. One needs to change the number of paritions to 8 using ``disklabel -e'' to get the usual BSD expectations. HISTORY The ccdconfig utility first appeared in NetBSD 1.0A. FreeBSD 11.1 July 17, 1995 FreeBSD 11.1
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | EXAMPLES | RECOVERY | FILES | SEE ALSO | BUGS | HISTORY
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