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CAPSICUM(4) BSD Kernel Interfaces Manual CAPSICUM(4) NAME Capsicum -- lightweight OS capability and sandbox framework SYNOPSIS options CAPABILITY_MODE options CAPABILITIES options PROCDESC DESCRIPTION Capsicum is a lightweight OS capability and sandbox framework implement- ing a hybrid capability system model. Capsicum can be used for applica- tion and library compartmentalisation, the decomposition of larger bodies of software into isolated (sandboxed) components in order to implement security policies and limit the impact of software vulnerabilities. Capsicum provides two core kernel primitives: capability mode A process mode, entered by invoking cap_enter(2), in which access to global OS namespaces (such as the file system and PID name- spaces) is restricted; only explicitly delegated rights, refer- enced by memory mappings or file descriptors, may be used. Once set, the flag is inherited by future children processes, and may not be cleared. capabilities File descriptors that wrap other file descriptors, masking opera- tions that can be called on them; for example, a file descriptor returned by open(2) may be refined using cap_new(2) so that only read(2) and write(2) can be called, but not fchmod(2). In some cases, Capsicum requires use of alternatives to traditional POSIX APIs in order to name objects using capabilities rather than global name- spaces: process descriptors File descriptors representing processes, allowing parent pro- cesses to manage child processes without requiring access to the PID namespace. anonymous shared memory An extension to the POSIX shared memory API to support anonymous swap objects associated with file descriptors. SEE ALSO cap_enter(2), cap_getmode(2), cap_getrights(2), cap_new(2), fchmod(2), open(2), pdfork(2), pdgetpid(2), pdkill(2), pdwait4(2), read(2), shm_open(2), write(2) HISTORY Capsicum first appeared in FreeBSD 9.0, and was developed at the Univer- sity of Cambridge. AUTHORS Capsicum was developed by Robert Watson <rwatson@FreeBSD.org> and Jonathan Anderson <jonathan@FreeBSD.org> at the University of Cambridge, and Ben Laurie <benl@FreeBSD.org> and Kris Kennaway <kris@FreeBSD.org> at Google, Inc. BUGS Capsicum is considered experimental in FreeBSD. BSD September 20, 2011 BSD
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