FreeBSD/i386 5.3-RELEASE

FreeBSD/i386 5.3-RELEASE

FreeBSD

Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 FreeBSD

FreeBSD/i386 5.3-RELEASE, FreeBSD. .

1. FreeBSD

FreeBSD. FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE . `` FreeBSD'' FreeBSD , .

FreeBSD, . 3, .

1.1.

, , , FreeBSD. , FreeBSD, README.TXT, , ; ( , ) Documentation .

- FreeBSD FAQ Handbook FreeBSD, .

, , , . .

, , . 4, . ERRATA.TXT , , .

: FreeBSD , . FreeBSD , .

1.2.

FreeBSD i386 486 ( FreeBSD 386), 8 7 . 150MB . DOS FreeBSD.

FreeBSD, HARDWARE.TXT; , FreeBSD.

1.3.

FreeBSD, ( ) . CDROM . , FreeBSD CDROM , CDROM, .

CDROM , boot.flp kernX.flp floppies/ ( 1.44MB ).

. release/floppies/boot.flp release/floppies/kernX.flp ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/ , FTP , http://mirrorlist.FreeBSD.org/.

( ) , boot.flp , kernX.flp . DOS . DOS UFS , fdimage.exe DOS ( tools CDROM FTP FreeBSD) dd(1) UNIX.

, DOS, :

C> fdimage boot.flp a:

, fdimage.exe boot.flp . kernX.flp .

UNIX, :

# dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0


# dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/fd0


# dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/floppy

( UNIX - ).

1.4. FreeBSD CDROM

CDROM. CDROM CD FreeBSD, :

  • ``CDBOOT'' CDROM CD , CD FreeBSD .

  • FreeBSD floppies/ FreeBSD. . 1.3 . , FreeBSD.



CDROM ( CDROM), , PPP, SLIP . , FreeBSD floppies/boot.flp floppies/kernX.flp, . 1.3. , boot.flp; . . 1.5.5 FTP NFS.

1.5.

, . FreeBSD, Documentation, ``Usage'' .

: , F1 , .

FreeBSD, , ``Standard'', . FreeBSD , , ``Express'' ``Custom''. , ``Upgrade''.

FreeBSD , DOS, NFS, UFS, CDROM ; .

1.5.1. CDROM

CDROM, . 1.4. CDROM CDROM , , :

  • FreeBSD FTP CDROM FreeBSD, : , FTP ( vipw(8)):

    ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin

    , , Options any. FTP, ftp://machine ``URL'' ftp .

    : ( ) ``'' FTP , .

  • NFS CDROM , , /etc/exports ( , CDROM). ziggy.foo.com CDROM NFS:

    /cdrom          -ro             ziggy.foo.com

    , CDROM NFS , , NFS , rc.conf(5) . , , : cdrom-host:/cdrom NFS , , wiggy:/cdrom.

1.5.2.

, - , , , .

, . 1.3.

, . 2 ``Distribution Format'', , , .

, , 1.44MB , bin (binary distribution). DOS, MS-DOS FORMAT. Windows, format Windows File Manager.

: . , , , . , .

FreeBSD, , DOS . disklabel(8) newfs(8) UFS, :

# fdformat -f 1440 fd0
# disklabel -w fd0 floppy3
# newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0

DOS UFS, . , . , ..: a:\bin\bin.inf, a:\bin\bin.aa, a:\bin\bin.ab, ...

: bin.inf bin, , . , distname.inf .

Media, ``Floppy'' .

1.5.3. DOS

MS-DOS FREEBSD DOS (C:). , FreeBSD DOS, , CDROM, :

C:\> MD C:\FREEBSD
C:\> XCOPY /S E:\BASE C:\FREEBSD\BASE

, E: CD.

, DOS ( ), C:\FREEBSD -- BIN.

, ``DOS'' .

1.5.4. QIC/SCSI

, , tar(1), , , tar :

# cd /where/you/have/your/dists
# tar cvf /dev/sa0 dist1 .. dist2

, ( ) . , . , , .

: . .

, . 1.3 .

1.5.5. FTP NFS

, , , 3 : , Ethernet.

1.5.5.1.

SLIP , , . , SLIP . , PPP.

PPP, , IP DNS, . IP , PPP , .

``AT '' , PPP .

1.5.5.2.

FreeBSD Linux, ``laplink'' . , ( 50/), . ``'' IP PPP RFC 1918 ( 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2, ..).

: Linux, FreeBSD PLIP, link0 TCP/IP, ``extra options for ifconfig'', PLIP Linux.

1.5.5.3. Ethernet

FreeBSD Ethernet; (HARDWARE.TXT Documentation CDROM). PCMCIA Ethernet , , . , FreeBSD PCMCIA `` '' .

IP , , . , . IP , ( PPP, IP ). FTP HTTP (. ), .

, . IP .

- , NFS FTP.

1.5.5.4. NFS

NFS : FreeBSD - NFS .

`` '' ( Sun Linux), Options .

Ethernet , Options.

NFS, ``subdir mounts'', .. FreeBSD wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, wiggy /usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, /usr /usr/archive/stuff.

FreeBSD /etc/exports -alldirs. NFS . Permission Denied, .

1.5.5.5. FTP

FTP , FreeBSD. , , FTP.

FTP , , , URL ``URL'' . URL IP , URL :

ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/4.2-RELEASE

FTP , :

  • FTP: ``'' , . , FTP , . , .

  • FTP Passive: ``'' , . , , .

  • FTP HTTP : FreeBSD HTTP FTP . FTP. , FTP, HTTP . FTP .

    , FTP HTTP, URL :

    ftp://foo.bar.com:port/pub/FreeBSD

    URL , port FTP .



1.5.6.

FreeBSD , (.. VGA ), :

  1. ANSI (vt100) COM1 PC, FreeBSD.

  2. (, !) CDROM, , .

  3. , . CDROM, 5 .

  4. , kernX.flp Enter. kernX.flp Enter, kernX.flp. , boot.flp Enter.

  5. 6, 

    boot -h

    . , . 9600 , 8 , .

1.6. i386

1.6.1. ! ! ?
1.6.2. DOS FreeBSD?
1.6.3. DOS?
1.6.4. DOS FreeBSD?
1.6.5. FreeBSD Microsoft(R) Windows(R)?
1.6.6. FreeBSD ?

1.6.1. ! ! ?

DOS FreeBSD , ! FIPS, tools/ FreeBSD CDROM ftp FreeBSD.

FIPS DOS , . DOS, DEFRAG DOS 6.xx Norton Disk Tools, FIPS. . FreeBSD . , FIPS ``'' , DOS. ! DOS (, , ).

FIPS NTFS. , Partition Magic. , Windows .

FIPS DOS. Windows 95/98/ME FAT32.

1.6.2. DOS FreeBSD?

. Stacker(tm) DoubleSpace(tm), FreeBSD , . ( stacked/dblspaced!). !

DOS DOS FreeBSD, .

1.6.3. DOS?

. DOS ``'' FreeBSD, .. D: /dev/da0s5, E: -- /dev/da0s6 .. , SCSI 0. IDE da ad . , , DOS , ..:

# mount -t msdos /dev/da0s5 /dos_d

1.6.4. DOS FreeBSD?

, doscmd(1), . / emulators/doscmd FreeBSD. , , ݣ FreeBSD , !

/ emulators/pcemu FreeBSD 8088 BIOS DOS. X Window System (XFree86).

1.6.5. FreeBSD Microsoft(R) Windows(R)?

/ FreeBSD, Windows. / emulators/wine FreeBSD, Windows X Windows (XFree86).

1.6.6. FreeBSD ?

/, `` '' FreeBSD. / emulators/bochs Microsoft Windows, Linux FreeBSD FreeBSD. / emulators/vmware2 emulators/vmware3 FreeBSD VMware.

2.

FreeBSD ( , , ):

ERRATA.HTM      README.TXT      compat1x        dict            kernel
ERRATA.TXT      RELNOTES.HTM    compat20        doc             manpages
HARDWARE.HTM    RELNOTES.TXT    compat21        docbook.css     packages
HARDWARE.TXT    base            compat22        filename.txt    ports
INSTALL.HTM     boot            compat3x        floppies        proflibs
INSTALL.TXT     catpages        compat4x        games           src
README.HTM      cdrom.inf       crypto          info            tools

CDROM, FTP NFS , , , 1.44MB (. . 1.3), . , , . FreeBSD, ( ).

, , :

  1. *.TXT *.HTM (, INSTALL.TXT INSTALL.HTM), . *.TXT , *.HTM HTML , . , PDF PostScript.

  2. docbook.css Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), HTML .

  3. base, catpages, crypto, dict, doc, games, info, manpages, proflibs, src FreeBSD , ( ).

  4. compat1x, compat20, compat21, compat22, compat3x, compat4x gzip tar -- install.sh.

  5. floppies/ ; . 1.3.

  6. packages ports FreeBSD. packages :

    #/stand/sysinstall configPackages

    packages/ pkg_add(1).

    190MB . http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/ports/ /usr/share/doc/handbook doc.

  7. , tools DOS , .. .



(, info) :

CHECKSUM.MD5    info.ab         info.ad         info.inf        install.sh
info.aa         info.ac         info.ae         info.mtree

CHECKSUM.MD5 MD5 , . . info.a* gzip tar , :

# cat info.a* | tar tvzf -

.

info.inf , , . , .inf !

info.mtree - , . MD5 mtree(8) . base .

, install.sh , . , info CDROM , :

# cd /cdrom/info
# sh install.sh

3. FreeBSD

FreeBSD.

: FreeBSD , ! , .

: , sysinstall(8), FreeBSD, . sysinstall(8) , . -- sysinstall(8) FreeBSD . .

: FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE FreeBSD 4-STABLE . FreeBSD 4-STABLE , , . /usr/include/g++, C++ ( ).

, FreeBSD 5-STABLE .

3.1.

FreeBSD. , , .

, , .

3.1.1.

. , , .

:

Xaccel.ini, XF86Config, adduser.conf, aliases, aliases.db, amd.map, crontab, csh.cshrc, csh.login, csh.logout, cvsupfile, dhclient.conf, disktab, dm.conf, dumpdates, exports, fbtab, fstab, ftpusers, gettytab, gnats, group, hosts, hosts.allow, hosts.equiv, hosts.lpd, inetd.conf, localtime, login.access, login.conf, mail, mail.rc, make.conf, manpath.config, master.passwd, motd, namedb, networks, newsyslog.conf, nsmb.conf, nsswitch.conf, pam.conf, passwd, periodic, ppp, printcap, profile, pwd.db, rc.conf, rc.conf.local, rc.firewall, rc.local, remote, resolv.conf, rmt, sendmail.cf, sendmail.cw, services, shells, skeykeys, spwd.db, ssh, syslog.conf, ttys, uucp

, , /etc/upgrade/. . , , -- .

/etc/. , .

3.2.

. , .

3.2.1.

. , .

3.2.2.

. . . ``newfs flag'' , .

3.2.3.

. , base, man . , .

3.2.4.

. . , /etc/rc.conf /etc/fstab.

3.3.

, ``'' , FreeBSD . FreeBSD . , , . , -STABLE -CURRENT.

/usr/src/UPDATING FreeBSD . , FreeBSD, .

4.

4.1. FreeBSD

FreeBSD ``Fixit'' . fixit.flp, , , ``live filesystem'' CDROM; CDROM FreeBSD.

fixit kern.flp, ``Fixit'' fixit CDROM . ( /stand /mnt2/stand) , . UNIX.

4.2. , i386

4.2.1. , , .
4.2.2. ISA , FreeBSD, . ?
4.2.3. FreeBSD , , :
4.2.4. FreeBSD, Boot Manager F? .
4.2.5. mcd(4) , Intel EtherExpress.
4.2.6. ed(4) device timeout.
4.2.7. IBM ThinkPad (tm) .
4.2.8. Intel EtherExpress 16.
4.2.9. EISA HP Netserver, SCSI AIC-7xxx .
4.2.10. Panasonic AL-N1 Rios Chandler Pentium .
4.2.11. CMD640 IDE .
4.2.12. Compaq Aero, ``No floppy devices found! Please check ...''.
4.2.13. Dell Poweredge XE, RAID Dell DSA (Dell SCSI Array) .
4.2.14. IBM EtherJet PCI , fxp(4), .
4.2.15. IBM Netfinity 3500, .
4.2.16. , Mylex PCI RAID , (, read error).

4.2.1. , , .

FreeBSD 5.0 ACPI i386 , . , ACPI, BIOS . ACPI ``hint.acpi.0.disabled'' :

set hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"

, hint.acpi.0.disabled="1" /boot/loader.conf. FreeBSD.

4.2.2. ISA , FreeBSD, . ?

, matcd, . , , . ISA : aha, ahv, aic, bt, ed, cs, sn, ie, fe, le, lnc. 10- :

unset hint.foo.0.disabled

foo , . /boot/device.hints ``disabled''.

4.2.3. FreeBSD , , :

changing root device to ad1s1a panic: cannot mount root

? ?

bios_drive:interface(unit,partition)kernel_name, boot help?

, . BIOS , FreeBSD, -- .

, , FreeBSD . , FreeBSD . , BIOS, FreeBSD.

IDE , IDE, FreeBSD . BIOS 0 1, FreeBSD ad0 ad2.

FreeBSD 1 BIOS, ad FreeBSD 2, :

1:ad(2,a)kernel

, , ( ).

SCSI , IDE . FreeBSD , BIOS. IDE SCSI , BIOS SCSI ; da FreeBSD 0, ..:

2:da(0,a)kernel

FreeBSD, BIOS 2, SCSI . IDE , ``1:''.

, , , , /boot.config, . , FreeBSD boot:.

4.2.4. FreeBSD, Boot Manager F? .

FreeBSD Partition editor . Partition editor . FreeBSD .

, : DOS FreeBSD . DOS , .

, :

FreeBSD , ( ) DOS, Linux , (``A'' ), , FreeBSD , . , , .

4.2.5. mcd(4) , Intel EtherExpress.

``hint.mcd.0.disabled="1"'' ``hint.mcd.1.disabled="1"'' mcd0 mcd1. , , .

4.2.6. ed(4) device timeout.

, IRQ, /boot/device.hints. ed ``'' (, EZSETUP DOS), , -1 .

( ), IRQ -1 ``hint.ed.0.irq="-1"''. .

, IRQ 9, IRQ 2, ( VGA IRQ 2!). IRQ 2 9 .

4.2.7. IBM ThinkPad (tm) .

IBM , (atkbd0) , ThinkPad. ``hint.atkbd.0.flags="4"'' .

4.2.8. Intel EtherExpress 16.

Intel EtherExpress 16 0xD0000, 32K Intel softset.exe.

4.2.9. EISA HP Netserver, SCSI AIC-7xxx .

, . , , ``hw.eisa_slots="12"'' .

4.2.10. Panasonic AL-N1 Rios Chandler Pentium .

i586_copyout i586_copyin. ``hint.npx.0.flags="1"''.

4.2.11. CMD640 IDE .

FreeBSD .

4.2.12. Compaq Aero, ``No floppy devices found! Please check ...''.

Compaq , CMOS RAM Aero. , , . ``hint.fdc.0.flags="1"''. ( 1.44 MB ) CMOS.

4.2.13. Dell Poweredge XE, RAID Dell DSA (Dell SCSI Array) .

DSA AHA-1540 EISA. FreeBSD DSA Adaptec AHA-1540 SCSI irq 11 340. DSA RAID , DSA, RAID.

4.2.14. IBM EtherJet PCI , fxp(4), .

. IBM ( ). -- Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 IBM, . IBM Netfinity . Ethernet .

4.2.15. IBM Netfinity 3500, .

Ethernet Netfinity 3500, . SMP . Ethernet .

4.2.16. , Mylex PCI RAID , (, read error).

Mylex, BIOS ``8GB''. 2GB.

, FreeBSD, ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/.

, FreeBSD, , <questions@FreeBSD.org>.

FreeBSD 5-STABLE <stable@FreeBSD.org>.

, , <doc@FreeBSD.org>.

Последнее изменение: 6 октября 2025 г. от Andrey Zakhvatov