FreeBSD ハンドブック

FreeBSD 8.3-RELEASE

x
x
X
X
fdisk
ed0
inetd.conf
exports
root
boot0
boot2
/etc/ttys
dump
RSH
dump
vnconfig
mdconfig
mdconfig
mdmfs
mdconfig
mdmfs
src/
+
E:\>
E:\> tools\fdimage floppies\kern.flp A:

root
# dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0

% top

x
x
ia64
commit
send-pr
make install
pkg_add
/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd
/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/handbook/index.html
/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/faq/index.html
x
HARDWARE.TXT
fdisk
165
C:
fdisk
C:
D:
C:
D:
D:
C:
C:
X
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/arch/ISO-IMAGES/version/FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-memstick.img
ISO-IMAGES/
arch
version
.img
ISO-IMAGES/
/dev/da0
.img
# dd if=FreeBSD-8.3-RELEASE-i386-memstick.img of=/dev/da0 bs=64k

H:
X
floppies
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/arch/version-RELEASE/floppies/
arch
version
.flp
floppies/
boot.flp
kern1.flp
kern2.flp
kern3.flp
README.TXT
.flp
fdimage
E:
E:\> tools\fdimage floppies\boot.flp A:

.flp
.flp
fdimage
tools
# dd if=boot.flp of=/dev/fd0

/dev/fd0
A:
/dev/fd1
B:
Last Chance: Are you SURE you want continue the installation?

If you're running this on a disk with data you wish to save then WE
STRONGLY ENCOURAGE YOU TO MAKE PROPER BACKUPS before proceeding!

We can take no responsibility for lost disk contents!

Floppy
CDROM
First Hard Disk
X
boot.flp
Booting from CD-Rom...
645MB medium detected
CD Loader 1.2

Building the boot loader arguments
Looking up /BOOT/LOADER... Found
Relocating the loader and the BTX
Starting the BTX loader

BTX loader 1.00 BTX version is 1.02
Consoles: internal video/keyboard
BIOS CD is cd0
BIOS drive C: is disk0
BIOS drive D: is disk1
BIOS 636kB/261056kB available memory

FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 1.1

Loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf
/boot/kernel/kernel text=0x64daa0 data=0xa4e80+0xa9e40 syms=[0x4+0x6cac0+0x4+0x88e9d]
\

Booting from Floppy...
Uncompressing ... done

BTX loader 1.00  BTX version is 1.01
Console: internal video/keyboard
BIOS drive A: is disk0
BIOS drive C: is disk1
BIOS 639kB/261120kB available memory

FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 1.1

Loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf
/kernel text=0x277391 data=0x3268c+0x332a8 |

Insert disk labelled "Kernel floppy 1" and press any key...

boot.flp
kern1.flp
Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present
Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132.
Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.

BREAK
~#
ok         
ok {0}     

boot
cdrom
avail memory = 253050880 (247120K bytes)
Preloaded elf kernel "kernel" at 0xc0817000.
Preloaded mfs_root "/mfsroot" at 0xc0817084.
md0: Preloaded image </mfsroot> 4423680 bytes at 0xc03ddcd4

md1: Malloc disk
Using $PIR table, 4 entries at 0xc00fde60
npx0: <math processor> on motherboard
npx0: INT 16 interface
pcib0: <Host to PCI bridge> on motherboard
pci0: <PCI bus> on pcib0
pcib1:<VIA 82C598MVP (Apollo MVP3) PCI-PCI (AGP) bridge> at device 1.0 on pci0
pci1: <PCI bus> on pcib1
pci1: <Matrox MGA G200 AGP graphics accelerator> at 0.0 irq 11
isab0: <VIA 82C586 PCI-ISA bridge> at device 7.0 on pci0
isa0: <iSA bus> on isab0
atapci0: <VIA 82C586 ATA33 controller> port 0xe000-0xe00f at device 7.1 on pci0
ata0: at 0x1f0 irq 14 on atapci0
ata1: at 0x170 irq 15 on atapci0
uhci0 <VIA 83C572 USB controller> port 0xe400-0xe41f irq 10 at device 7.2 on pci
0
usb0: <VIA 83572 USB controller> on uhci0
usb0: USB revision 1.0
uhub0: VIA UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr1
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
pci0: <unknown card> (vendor=0x1106, dev=0x3040) at 7.3
dc0: <ADMtek AN985 10/100BaseTX> port 0xe800-0xe8ff mem 0xdb000000-0xeb0003ff ir
q 11 at device 8.0 on pci0
dc0: Ethernet address: 00:04:5a:74:6b:b5
miibus0: <MII bus> on dc0
ukphy0: <Generic IEEE 802.3u media interface> on miibus0
ukphy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, auto
ed0: <NE2000 PCI Ethernet (RealTek 8029)> port 0xec00-0xec1f irq 9 at device 10.
0 on pci0
ed0 address 52:54:05:de:73:1b, type NE2000 (16 bit)
isa0: too many dependant configs (8)
isa0: unexpected small tag 14
orm0: <Option ROM> at iomem 0xc0000-0xc7fff on isa0
fdc0: <NEC 72065B or clone> at port 0x3f0-0x3f5,0x3f7 irq 6 drq2 on isa0
fdc0: FIFO enabled, 8 bytes threshold
fd0: <1440-KB 3.5'' drive> on fdc0 drive 0
atkbdc0: <Keyboard controller (i8042)> at port 0x60,0x64 on isa0
atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> flags 0x1 irq1 on atkbdc0
kbd0 at atkbd0
psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: model Generic PS/@ mouse, device ID 0
vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
sc0: <System console> at flags 0x100 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
sio0 at port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on isa0
sio0: type 16550A
sio1 at port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa0
sio1: type 16550A
ppc0: <Parallel port> at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0
pppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode
ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/15 bytes threshold
plip0: <PLIP network interface> on ppbus0
ad0: 8063MB <IBM-DHEA-38451> [16383/16/63] at ata0-master UDMA33
acd0: CD-RW <LITE-ON LTR-1210B> at ata1-slave PIO4
Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
/stand/sysinstall running as init on vty0

GENERIC
                                 Message
 In the next menu, you will need to set up a DOS-style ("fdisk")
 partitioning scheme for your hard disk. If you simply wish to devote
 all disk space to FreeBSD (overwriting anything else that might be on
 the disk(s) selected) then use the (A)ll command to select the default
 partitioning scheme followed by a (Q)uit. If you wish to allocate only
 free space to FreeBSD, move to a partition marked "unused" and use the
 (C)reate command.
	                        [  OK  ]

	              [ Press enter or space ]

ad0
ad2
ad1
ad0
ad1
ad1
ad1
ad2
ad1s1a
ad0
ad1
ad2
ad0
ad2
C:
fdisk
unused
Flags
A
a
h
b
c
d
a
/
/
b
b
e
/var
/var
/
f
/usr
/usr
Auto 	 Defaults
b
a
b
e
n
e
a
a
/
/diskn
n
                                 Message
 Now, you need to create BSD partitions inside of the fdisk
 partition(s) just created. If you have a reasonable amount of disk
 space (1GB or more) and don't have any special requirements, simply
 use the (A)uto command to allocate space automatically. If you have
 more specific needs or just don't care for the layout chosen by
 (A)uto, press F1 for more information on manual layout.

	                        [  OK  ]
	                  [ Press enter or space ]

パーティション名
/tmp
/
/
/
a
M
G
C
/
/usr
                         User Confirmation Requested
 FreeBSD Ports Collection をインストールしますか?

 これをインストールすることにより、23,000 以上の移植ソフトウェアパッケー
 ジにアクセスすることができます。これは、「クリーンな」状態では約 500 MB
 のディスク容量を占めますが、配布されている tarball をダウンロードしていくと、更に
 大きな領域を占めることになります (ただし、FreeBSD の CD/DVD で配布されている
 extra disk を持っていて、それを /cdrom にマウントして使用する場合には、
 さほど問題にはならないでしょう) 。

 Ports Collection は、非常に有用な資源であり、/usr パーティションに置
 いておくだけの価値は十分にあります。この質問には Yes と答えるのが賢明で
 しょう。

 Ports Collection に関するさらに詳しい情報や、最新の Ports に関しては、
 以下の場所を参照してください。
     http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports

	                      [ Yes ]     No

foo.example.com
ftp.FreeBSD.org
ftp@ftp.FreeBSD.org
ftp://foo.example.com:1234/pub/FreeBSD
ftp.FreeBSD.org
/pub/FreeBSD
foo.example.com
ftp.FreeBSD.org
                       User Confirmation Requested
 Last Chance! Are you SURE you want to continue the installation?

 If you're running this on a disk with data you wish to save then WE
 STRONGLY ENCOURAGE YOU TO MAKE PROPER BACKUPS before proceeding!

 We can take no responsibility for lost disk contents!

	                     [ Yes ]    No

                               Message

Congratulations! You now have FreeBSD installed on your system.

We will now move on to the final configuration questions.
For any option you do not wish to configure, simply select No.

If you wish to re-enter this utility after the system is up, you may
do so by typing: /usr/sbin/sysinstall.

	                         [ OK ]

	              [  Press enter or space  ]

                                Message
Installation complete with some errors.  You may wish to scroll
through the debugging messages on VTY1 with the scroll-lock feature.
You can also choose "No" at the next prompt and go back into the
installation menus to retry whichever operations have failed.

	                         [ OK ]

sysinstall
                      User Confirmation Requested
   Would you like to configure any Ethernet or PPP network devices?

      (訳：イーサネットや SLIP/PPP ネットワークデバイスを設定したいですか？)

	                     [ Yes ]   No

                      User Confirmation Requested
       Do you want to try IPv6 configuration of the interface?

      (訳：このインタフェース上で IPv6 の設定を行ないたいですか？)

	                      Yes   [ No ]

                             User Confirmation Requested
	Do you want to try DHCP configuration of the interface?

      (訳：このインタフェース上で DHCP 設定を行ないたいですか？)

	                      Yes   [ No ]

ed0
k6-2.example.com
example.com
208.163.10.2
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.0
192.168.0.255
255.255.255.0
ifconfig
                      User Confirmation Requested
	Would you like to bring the ed0 interface up right now?

      (訳：このインタフェースへの設定を今すぐ有効にしますか？)

	                     [ Yes ]   No

                       User Confirmation Requested
       Do you want this machine to function as a network gateway?

      (訳：このマシンにネットワークゲートウェイ機能を搭載しますか？)

	                      [ Yes ]    No

                      User Confirmation Requested
Do you want to configure inetd and the network services that it provides?

      (訳：inetd 及び提供するネットワークサービスの設定を行いますか？)

	                       Yes   [ No ]

/etc/inetd.conf
                      User Confirmation Requested
The Internet Super Server (inetd) allows a number of simple Internet
services to be enabled, including finger, ftp and telnetd.  Enabling
these services may increase risk of security problems by increasing
the exposure of your system.

      (訳：inetd は finger，ftp，telnet を含む数多くのインターネットサービスを
      許可します。この機能を有効にするとシステムへのアクセスの増加による
      セキュリティ上のリスクが増加することがあります。)

With this in mind, do you wish to enable inetd?

	                     [ Yes ]   No

                      User Confirmation Requested
inetd(8) relies on its configuration file, /etc/inetd.conf, to determine
which of its Internet services will be available.  The default FreeBSD
inetd.conf(5) leaves all services disabled by default, so they must be
specifically enabled in the configuration file before they will
function, even once inetd(8) is enabled.  Note that services for
IPv6 must be seperately enabled from IPv4 services.

Select [Yes] now to invoke an editor on /etc/inetd.conf, or [No] to
use the current settings.

      (訳：inetd(8) が利用可能にするインターネットサービスの種類については
	   設定ファイル (/etc/inetd.conf) に依存します。FreeBSD に付属する
	   inetd.conf(5) の初期設定は、すべてのサービスが無効になっています。
	   従って、inetd(8) を一度有効にした後に設定ファイルの中で
	   必要なサービスを有効にする必要があります。なお、IPv4 サービス側から
	   IPv6 のサービスを個別に設定する必要があることに注意してください。

	   [Yes] を選ぶと /etc/inetd.conf をエディタで編集できます。
	   [No] を選ぶと、現在の設定をつかいます。)

	                     [ Yes ]   No

#
inetd.conf
                      User Confirmation Requested
	          Would you like to enable SSH login?
	                   Yes        [  No  ]

                      User Confirmation Requested
 Do you want to have anonymous FTP access to this machine?

	                      Yes    [ No ]

                       User Confirmation Requested
 Anonymous FTP permits un-authenticated users to connect to the system
 FTP server, if FTP service is enabled.  Anonymous users are
 restricted to a specific subset of the file system, and the default
 configuration provides a drop-box incoming directory to which uploads
 are permitted.  You must separately enable both inetd(8), and enable
 ftpd(8) in inetd.conf(5) for FTP services to be available.  If you
 did not do so earlier, you will have the opportunity to enable inetd(8)
 again later.

 If you want the server to be read-only you should leave the upload
 directory option empty and add the -r command-line option to ftpd(8)
 in inetd.conf(5)

 Do you wish to continue configuring anonymous FTP?

	                  [ Yes ]         No

/etc/inetd.conf
/etc/passwd
/var
/usr
/usr/ftp
                          User Confirmation Requested
	 Create a welcome message file for anonymous FTP users?

	                      [ Yes ]    No

ee
                       User Confirmation Requested
 Do you want to configure this machine as an NFS server?

	                      Yes    [ No ]

exports
                               Message
Operating as an NFS server means that you must first configure an
/etc/exports file to indicate which hosts are allowed certain kinds of
access to your local filesystems.
Press [Enter] now to invoke an editor on /etc/exports
	                       [ OK ]

exports
exports
                       User Confirmation Requested
 Do you want to configure this machine as an NFS client?

	                      Yes   [ No ]

                      User Confirmation Requested
       Would you like to customize your system console settings?

	                      [ Yes ]  No

                      User Confirmation Requested
	  Would you like to set this machine's time zone now?

	                    [ Yes ]   No

                       User Confirmation Requested
 Is this machine's CMOS clock set to UTC? If it is set to local time
 or you don't know, please choose NO here!

	                      Yes   [ No ]

                            Confirmation
	    Does the abbreviation 'EDT' look reasonable?

	                    [ Yes ]   No

X
X
                      User Confirmation Requested
	  Would you like to enable Linux binary compatibility?

	                    [ Yes ]   No

                      User Confirmation Requested
	 Does this system have a PS/2, serial, or bus mouse?

	                    [ Yes ]    No

sysinstall
                     User Confirmation Requested
 The FreeBSD package collection is a collection of hundreds of
 ready-to-run applications, from text editors to games to WEB servers
 and more. Would you like to browse the collection now?

	                    [ Yes ]   No

root
root
                     User Confirmation Requested
 Would you like to add any initial user accounts to the system? Adding
 at least one account for yourself at this stage is suggested since
 working as the "root" user is dangerous (it is easy to do things which
 adversely affect the entire system).

	                    [ Yes ]   No

/bin/sh
/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/bash
/bin/tcsh
root
wheel
sysinstall
root
                        Message
 Now you must set the system manager's password.
 This is the password you'll use to log in as "root".

	                 [ OK ]

	       [ Press enter or space ]

root
New password:
Retype new password :

sysinstall
                     User Confirmation Requested
 Visit the general configuration menu for a chance to set any last
 options?

	                      Yes   [ No ]

                     User Confirmation Requested
 Are you sure you wish to exit? The system will reboot.

	                    [ Yes ]   No

                    Message
 Be sure to remove the media from the drive.

	            [ OK ]
	   [ Press enter or space ]

/etc/rc.conf
-a /.amd_mnt -l syslog /host /etc/amd.map /net /etc/amd.map

/.amd_mnt
log
syslogd
/host
/net
/etc/amd.map
net/pcnfsd
rpcbind
/var/db/statd.status
rwhod
dmesg
rpratt
root
Copyright (c) 1992-2002 The FreeBSD Project.
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
	The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.

Timecounter "i8254"  frequency 1193182 Hz
CPU: AMD-K6(tm) 3D processor (300.68-MHz 586-class CPU)
  Origin = "AuthenticAMD"  Id = 0x580  Stepping = 0
  Features=0x8001bf<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,MCE,CX8,MMX>
  AMD Features=0x80000800<SYSCALL,3DNow!>
real memory  = 268435456 (262144K bytes)
config> di sn0
config> di lnc0
config> di le0
config> di ie0
config> di fe0
config> di cs0
config> di bt0
config> di aic0
config> di aha0
config> di adv0
config> q
avail memory = 256311296 (250304K bytes)
Preloaded elf kernel "kernel" at 0xc0491000.
Preloaded userconfig_script "/boot/kernel.conf" at 0xc049109c.
md0: Malloc disk
Using $PIR table, 4 entries at 0xc00fde60
npx0: <math processor> on motherboard
npx0: INT 16 interface
pcib0: <Host to PCI bridge> on motherboard
pci0: <PCI bus> on pcib0
pcib1: <VIA 82C598MVP (Apollo MVP3) PCI-PCI (AGP) bridge> at device 1.0 on pci0
pci1: <PCI bus> on pcib1
pci1: <Matrox MGA G200 AGP graphics accelerator> at 0.0 irq 11
isab0: <VIA 82C586 PCI-ISA bridge> at device 7.0 on pci0
isa0: <ISA bus> on isab0
atapci0: <VIA 82C586 ATA33 controller> port 0xe000-0xe00f at device 7.1 on pci0
ata0: at 0x1f0 irq 14 on atapci0
ata1: at 0x170 irq 15 on atapci0
uhci0: <VIA 83C572 USB controller> port 0xe400-0xe41f irq 10 at device 7.2 on pci0
usb0: <VIA 83C572 USB controller> on uhci0
usb0: USB revision 1.0
uhub0: VIA UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
chip1: <VIA 82C586B ACPI interface> at device 7.3 on pci0
ed0: <NE2000 PCI Ethernet (RealTek 8029)> port 0xe800-0xe81f irq 9 at
device 10.0 on pci0
ed0: address 52:54:05:de:73:1b, type NE2000 (16 bit)
isa0: too many dependant configs (8)
isa0: unexpected small tag 14
fdc0: <NEC 72065B or clone> at port 0x3f0-0x3f5,0x3f7 irq 6 drq 2 on isa0
fdc0: FIFO enabled, 8 bytes threshold
fd0: <1440-KB 3.5" drive> on fdc0 drive 0
atkbdc0: <keyboard controller (i8042)> at port 0x60-0x64 on isa0
atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> flags 0x1 irq 1 on atkbdc0
kbd0 at atkbd0
psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: model Generic PS/2 mouse, device ID 0
vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
sc0: <System console> at flags 0x1 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
sio0 at port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on isa0
sio0: type 16550A
sio1 at port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa0
sio1: type 16550A
ppc0: <Parallel port> at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0
ppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode
ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/15 bytes threshold
ppbus0: IEEE1284 device found /NIBBLE
Probing for PnP devices on ppbus0:
plip0: <PLIP network interface> on ppbus0
lpt0: <Printer> on ppbus0
lpt0: Interrupt-driven port
ppi0: <Parallel I/O> on ppbus0
ad0: 8063MB <IBM-DHEA-38451> [16383/16/63] at ata0-master using UDMA33
ad2: 8063MB <IBM-DHEA-38451> [16383/16/63] at ata1-master using UDMA33
acd0: CDROM <DELTA OTC-H101/ST3 F/W by OIPD> at ata0-slave using PIO4
Mounting root from ufs:/dev/ad0s1a
swapon: adding /dev/ad0s1b as swap device
Automatic boot in progress...
/dev/ad0s1a: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s1a: clean, 48752 free (552 frags, 6025 blocks, 0.9% fragmentation)
/dev/ad0s1f: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s1f: clean, 128997 free (21 frags, 16122 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
/dev/ad0s1g: FILESYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s1g: clean, 3036299 free (43175 frags, 374073 blocks, 1.3% fragmentation)
/dev/ad0s1e: filesystem CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ad0s1e: clean, 128193 free (17 frags, 16022 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
Doing initial network setup: hostname.
ed0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
	inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
	inet6 fe80::5054::5ff::fede:731b%ed0 prefixlen 64 tentative scopeid 0x1
	ether 52:54:05:de:73:1b
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
	inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x8
	inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
	inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
Additional routing options: IP gateway=YES TCP keepalive=YES
routing daemons:.
additional daemons: syslogd.
Doing additional network setup:.
Starting final network daemons: creating ssh RSA host key
Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.
Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
cd:76:89:16:69:0e:d0:6e:f8:66:d0:07:26:3c:7e:2d root@k6-2.example.com
 creating ssh DSA host key
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.
Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
f9:a1:a9:47:c4:ad:f9:8d:52:b8:b8:ff:8c:ad:2d:e6 root@k6-2.example.com.
setting ELF ldconfig path: /usr/lib /usr/lib/compat /usr/X11R6/lib
/usr/local/lib
a.out ldconfig path: /usr/lib/aout /usr/lib/compat/aout /usr/X11R6/lib/aout
starting standard daemons: inetd cron sshd usbd sendmail.
Initial rc.i386 initialization:.
rc.i386 configuring syscons: blank_time screensaver moused.
Additional ABI support: linux.
Local package initialization:.
Additional TCP options:.

FreeBSD/i386 (k6-2.example.com) (ttyv0)

login: rpratt
Password:

startx
su
root
wheel
root
shutdown -h
now
The operating system has halted.
Please press any key to reboot.

GENERIC
/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
/dev/ad0sN  /dos  msdosfs rw  0	0

/dos
/etc/fstab
# mount -t msdosfs /dev/ad0s1 /mnt

dmesg
mount
F?
hint.acpi.0.disabled
set hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"

/boot/loader.conf
hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"
changing root device to ad1s1a panic: cannot mount root

bios_drive:interface(unit,partition)kernel_name
ad0
ad2
ad
1:ad(2,a)kernel

da
2:da(0,a)kernel

1:
/boot.config
boot:
F?
/boot/device.hints
-1
hint.ed.0.irq="-1"
-1
XTerm*color7: 	
#c0c0c0
~/.Xdefaults
# mount /dev/da0a /mnt

loader.conf
# echo 'console="comconsole"' >> /mnt/boot/loader.conf

# umount /mnt

FreeBSD-9.0-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso
# mkdir /path/to/headless-iso
# tar -C /path/to/headless-iso -pxvf FreeBSD-9.0-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso

loader.conf
# echo 'console="comconsole"' >> /path/to/headless-iso/boot/loader.conf

sysutils/cdrtools
# mkisofs -v -b boot/cdboot -no-emul-boot -r -J -V "Headless_install" \
	    -o Headless-FreeBSD-9.0-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso /path/to/headless-iso

# cu -l /dev/cuau0

X
# cu -l /dev/cuad0

cu
kern1.flp
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ISO-IMAGES-arch/version
arch
version
X
X
FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-bootonly.iso
FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-dvd1.iso.gz
FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-memstick.img
X
FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-disc1.iso
FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-disc2.iso
X
FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-disc3.iso
X
FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-docs.iso
X
FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-livefs.iso
X
FreeBSD-
bootonly
disc1
disc1
bootonly
bootonly
dvd1
/cdrom
# mount /cdrom

/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent

/etc/inetd.conf
your machine
base
FORMAT
A:
bsdlabel
newfs
# fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440
# bsdlabel -w fd0.1440 floppy3
# newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/fd0

a:\base\base.aa
a:\base\base.ab
base
base.inf
c:\freebsd
freebsd
xcopy
C:\> md c:\freebsd
C:\> xcopy e:\bin c:\freebsd\bin\ /s
C:\> xcopy e:\manpages c:\freebsd\manpages\ /s

C:
E:
c:\freebsd
BIN
# cd /freebsd/distdir
# tar cvf /dev/rwt0 dist1 ... dist2

dial
set log local
...
NFS Secure
NFS Slow
ziggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD
ziggy
/usr
/usr/archive/stuff
/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD
/etc/exports
permission denied
x
HARDWARE.TXT
C:
D:
C:
D:
D:
C:
C:
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/arch/arch/ISO-IMAGES/version/FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-memstick.img
ISO-IMAGES/
arch
version
X
X
.img
ISO-IMAGES/
/dev/da0
.img
# dd if=FreeBSD-9.0-RELEASE-i386-memstick.img of=/dev/da0 bs=64k

Your changes will now be written to disk.  If you
have chosen to overwrite existing data, it will
be PERMANENTLY ERASED. Are you sure you want to
commit your changes?

Booting from CD-ROM...
645MB medium detected
CD Loader 1.2

Building the boot loader arguments
Looking up /BOOT/LOADER... Found
Relocating the loader and the BTX
Starting the BTX loader

BTX loader 1.00 BTX version is 1.02
Consoles: internal video/keyboard
BIOS CD is cd0
BIOS drive C: is disk0
BIOS drive D: is disk1
BIOS 636kB/261056kB available memory

FreeBSD/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 1.1

Loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf
/boot/kernel/kernel text=0x64daa0 data=0xa4e80+0xa9e40 syms=[0x4+0x6cac0+0x4+0x88e9d]
\

boot cd:,\ppc\loader cd:0

Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present
Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132.
Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.

BREAK
~#
ok         
ok {0}     

boot cdrom
Copyright (c) 1992-2011 The FreeBSD Project.
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
        The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation.
FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE #0 r225473M: Sun Sep 11 16:07:30 BST 2011
    root@psi:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC amd64
CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU     T9400  @ 2.53GHz (2527.05-MHz K8-class CPU)
  Origin = "GenuineIntel"  Id = 0x10676  Family = 6  Model = 17  Stepping = 6
  Features=0xbfebfbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CLFLUSH,DTS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE>
  Features2=0x8e3fd<SSE3,DTES64,MON,DS_CPL,VMX,SMX,EST,TM2,SSSE3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM,SSE4.1>
  AMD Features=0x20100800<SYSCALL,NX,LM>
  AMD Features2=0x1<LAHF>
  TSC: P-state invariant, performance statistics
real memory  = 3221225472 (3072 MB)
avail memory = 2926649344 (2791 MB)
Event timer "LAPIC" quality 400
ACPI APIC Table: <TOSHIB A0064   >
FreeBSD/SMP: Multiprocessor System Detected: 2 CPUs
FreeBSD/SMP: 1 package(s) x 2 core(s)
 cpu0 (BSP): APIC ID:  0
 cpu1 (AP): APIC ID:  1
ioapic0: Changing APIC ID to 1
ioapic0 <Version 2.0> irqs 0-23 on motherboard
kbd1 at kbdmux0
acpi0: <TOSHIB A0064> on motherboard
acpi0: Power Button (fixed)
acpi0: reservation of 0, a0000 (3) failed
acpi0: reservation of 100000, b6690000 (3) failed
Timecounter "ACPI-safe" frequency 3579545 Hz quality 850
acpi_timer0: <24-bit timer at 3.579545MHz> port 0xd808-0xd80b on acpi0
cpu0: <ACPI CPU> on acpi0
ACPI Warning: Incorrect checksum in table [ASF!] - 0xFE, should be 0x9A (20110527/tbutils-282)
cpu1: <ACPI CPU> on acpi0
pcib0: <ACPI Host-PCI bridge> port 0xcf8-0xcff on acpi0
pci0: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib0
vgapci0: <VGA-compatible display> port 0xcff8-0xcfff mem 0xff400000-0xff7fffff,0xe0000000-0xefffffff irq 16 at device 2.0 on pci0
agp0: <Intel GM45 SVGA controller> on vgapci0
agp0: aperture size is 256M, detected 131068k stolen memory
vgapci1: <VGA-compatible display> mem 0xffc00000-0xffcfffff at device 2.1 on pci0
pci0: <simple comms> at device 3.0 (no driver attached)
em0: <Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection 7.2.3> port 0xcf80-0xcf9f mem 0xff9c0000-0xff9dffff,0xff9fe000-0xff9fefff irq 20 at device 25.0 on pci0
em0: Using an MSI interrupt
em0: Ethernet address: 00:1c:7e:6a:ca:b0
uhci0: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB controller> port 0xcf60-0xcf7f irq 16 at device 26.0 on pci0
usbus0: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB controller> on uhci0
uhci1: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB controller> port 0xcf40-0xcf5f irq 21 at device 26.1 on pci0
usbus1: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB controller> on uhci1
uhci2: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB controller> port 0xcf20-0xcf3f irq 19 at device 26.2 on pci0
usbus2: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB controller> on uhci2
ehci0: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB 2.0 controller> mem 0xff9ff800-0xff9ffbff irq 19 at device 26.7 on pci0
usbus3: EHCI version 1.0
usbus3: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB 2.0 controller> on ehci0
hdac0: <Intel 82801I High Definition Audio Controller> mem 0xff9f8000-0xff9fbfff irq 22 at device 27.0 on pci0
pcib1: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 17 at device 28.0 on pci0
pci1: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib1
iwn0: <Intel(R) WiFi Link 5100> mem 0xff8fe000-0xff8fffff irq 16 at device 0.0 on pci1
pcib2: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 16 at device 28.1 on pci0
pci2: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib2
pcib3: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 18 at device 28.2 on pci0
pci4: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib3
pcib4: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> at device 30.0 on pci0
pci5: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib4
cbb0: <RF5C476 PCI-CardBus Bridge> at device 11.0 on pci5
cardbus0: <CardBus bus> on cbb0
pccard0: <16-bit PCCard bus> on cbb0
isab0: <PCI-ISA bridge> at device 31.0 on pci0
isa0: <ISA bus> on isab0
ahci0: <Intel ICH9M AHCI SATA controller> port 0x8f58-0x8f5f,0x8f54-0x8f57,0x8f48-0x8f4f,0x8f44-0x8f47,0x8f20-0x8f3f mem 0xff9fd800-0xff9fdfff irq 19 at device 31.2 on pci0
ahci0: AHCI v1.20 with 4 3Gbps ports, Port Multiplier not supported
ahcich0: <AHCI channel> at channel 0 on ahci0
ahcich1: <AHCI channel> at channel 1 on ahci0
ahcich2: <AHCI channel> at channel 4 on ahci0
acpi_lid0: <Control Method Lid Switch> on acpi0
battery0: <ACPI Control Method Battery> on acpi0
acpi_button0: <Power Button> on acpi0
acpi_acad0: <AC Adapter> on acpi0
acpi_toshiba0: <Toshiba HCI Extras> on acpi0
acpi_tz0: <Thermal Zone> on acpi0
attimer0: <AT timer> port 0x40-0x43 irq 0 on acpi0
Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0
Event timer "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 100
atkbdc0: <Keyboard controller (i8042)> port 0x60,0x64 irq 1 on acpi0
atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> irq 1 on atkbdc0
kbd0 at atkbd0
atkbd0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
psm0: model GlidePoint, device ID 0
atrtc0: <AT realtime clock> port 0x70-0x71 irq 8 on acpi0
Event timer "RTC" frequency 32768 Hz quality 0
hpet0: <High Precision Event Timer> iomem 0xfed00000-0xfed003ff on acpi0
Timecounter "HPET" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 950
Event timer "HPET" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 450
Event timer "HPET1" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 440
Event timer "HPET2" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 440
Event timer "HPET3" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 440
uart0: <16550 or compatible> port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on acpi0
sc0: <System console> at flags 0x100 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
ppc0: cannot reserve I/O port range
est0: <Enhanced SpeedStep Frequency Control> on cpu0
p4tcc0: <CPU Frequency Thermal Control> on cpu0
est1: <Enhanced SpeedStep Frequency Control> on cpu1
p4tcc1: <CPU Frequency Thermal Control> on cpu1
Timecounters tick every 1.000 msec
hdac0: HDA Codec #0: Realtek ALC268
hdac0: HDA Codec #1: Lucent/Agere Systems (Unknown)
pcm0: <HDA Realtek ALC268 PCM #0 Analog> at cad 0 nid 1 on hdac0
pcm1: <HDA Realtek ALC268 PCM #1 Analog> at cad 0 nid 1 on hdac0
usbus0: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus1: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus2: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus3: 480Mbps High Speed USB v2.0
ugen0.1: <Intel> at usbus0
uhub0: <Intel UHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus0
ugen1.1: <Intel> at usbus1
uhub1: <Intel UHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus1
ugen2.1: <Intel> at usbus2
uhub2: <Intel UHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus2
ugen3.1: <Intel> at usbus3
uhub3: <Intel EHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 2.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus3
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhub1: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhub2: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhub3: 6 ports with 6 removable, self powered
ugen2.2: <vendor 0x0b97> at usbus2
uhub8: <vendor 0x0b97 product 0x7761, class 9/0, rev 1.10/1.10, addr 2> on usbus2
ugen1.2: <Microsoft> at usbus1
ada0 at ahcich0 bus 0 scbus1 target 0 lun 0
ada0: <Hitachi HTS543225L9SA00 FBEOC43C> ATA-8 SATA 1.x device
ada0: 150.000MB/s transfers (SATA 1.x, UDMA6, PIO 8192bytes)
ada0: Command Queueing enabled
ada0: 238475MB (488397168 512 byte sectors: 16H 63S/T 16383C)
ada0: Previously was known as ad4
ums0: <Microsoft Microsoft 3-Button Mouse with IntelliEyeTM, class 0/0, rev 1.10/3.00, addr 2> on usbus1
SMP: AP CPU #1 Launched!
cd0 at ahcich1 bus 0 scbus2 target 0 lun 0
cd0: <TEAC DV-W28S-RT 7.0C> Removable CD-ROM SCSI-0 device
cd0: 150.000MB/s transfers (SATA 1.x, ums0: 3 buttons and [XYZ] coordinates ID=0
UDMA2, ATAPI 12bytes, PIO 8192bytes)
cd0: cd present [1 x 2048 byte records]
ugen0.2: <Microsoft> at usbus0
ukbd0: <Microsoft Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000, class 0/0, rev 2.00/1.73, addr 2> on usbus0
kbd2 at ukbd0
uhid0: <Microsoft Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000, class 0/0, rev 2.00/1.73, addr 2> on usbus0
Trying to mount root from cd9660:/dev/iso9660/FREEBSD_INSTALL [ro]...

GENERIC
machine3.example.com
doc
games
lib32
ports
src
ada0
freebsd-boot
freebsd-ufs
freebsd-swap
/
/var
/tmp
/usr
/
/etc/fstab
/dev/gpt/
/dev/
/
/var
/tmp
/usr
/var
ex
freebsd-boot
512K
freebsd-ufs
2G
/
exrootfs
freebsd-swap
4G
exswap
freebsd-ufs
2G
/var
exvarfs
freebsd-ufs
1G
/tmp
extmpfs
freebsd-ufs
/usr
exusrfs
newfs
root
root
root
IP Address
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0
Default Router
IPv6 Address
Default Router
sshd
moused
ntpd
powerd
root
root
Username
Full name
Uid
Login group
Invite user into 	 other
groups?
Login class
Shell
Home directory
Home directory permissions
Use password-based authentication?
Use an empty password?
Use a random password?
Enter password
Enter password again
Lock out the account after creation?
no
yes
yes
no
Add User
Root Password
Hostname
Network
Services
Time Zone
Handbook
asample
root
dmesg | less
Copyright (c) 1992-2011 The FreeBSD Project.
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
        The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation.

    root@farrell.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC amd64
CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU     E8400  @ 3.00GHz (3007.77-MHz K8-class CPU)
  Origin = "GenuineIntel"  Id = 0x10676  Family = 6  Model = 17  Stepping = 6
  Features=0x783fbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2>
  Features2=0x209<SSE3,MON,SSSE3>
  AMD Features=0x20100800<SYSCALL,NX,LM>
  AMD Features2=0x1<LAHF>
real memory  = 536805376 (511 MB)
avail memory = 491819008 (469 MB)
Event timer "LAPIC" quality 400
ACPI APIC Table: <VBOX   VBOXAPIC>
ioapic0: Changing APIC ID to 1
ioapic0 <Version 1.1> irqs 0-23 on motherboard
kbd1 at kbdmux0
acpi0: <VBOX VBOXXSDT> on motherboard
acpi0: Power Button (fixed)
acpi0: Sleep Button (fixed)
Timecounter "ACPI-fast" frequency 3579545 Hz quality 900
acpi_timer0: <32-bit timer at 3.579545MHz> port 0x4008-0x400b on acpi0
cpu0: <ACPI CPU> on acpi0
pcib0: <ACPI Host-PCI bridge> port 0xcf8-0xcff on acpi0
pci0: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib0
isab0: <PCI-ISA bridge> at device 1.0 on pci0
isa0: <ISA bus> on isab0
atapci0: <Intel PIIX4 UDMA33 controller> port 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6,0x170-0x177,0x376,0xd000-0xd00f at device 1.1 on pci0
ata0: <ATA channel 0> on atapci0
ata1: <ATA channel 1> on atapci0
vgapci0: <VGA-compatible display> mem 0xe0000000-0xe0ffffff irq 18 at device 2.0 on pci0
em0: <Intel(R) PRO/1000 Legacy Network Connection 1.0.3> port 0xd010-0xd017 mem 0xf0000000-0xf001ffff irq 19 at device 3.0 on pci0
em0: Ethernet address: 08:00:27:9f:e0:92
pci0: <base peripheral> at device 4.0 (no driver attached)
pcm0: <Intel ICH (82801AA)> port 0xd100-0xd1ff,0xd200-0xd23f irq 21 at device 5.0 on pci0
pcm0: <SigmaTel STAC9700/83/84 AC97 Codec>
ohci0: <OHCI (generic) USB controller> mem 0xf0804000-0xf0804fff irq 22 at device 6.0 on pci0
usbus0: <OHCI (generic) USB controller> on ohci0
pci0: <bridge> at device 7.0 (no driver attached)
acpi_acad0: <AC Adapter> on acpi0
atkbdc0: <Keyboard controller (i8042)> port 0x60,0x64 irq 1 on acpi0
atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> irq 1 on atkbdc0
kbd0 at atkbd0
atkbd0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
psm0: model IntelliMouse Explorer, device ID 4
attimer0: <AT timer> port 0x40-0x43,0x50-0x53 on acpi0
Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0
Event timer "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 100
sc0: <System console> at flags 0x100 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
atrtc0: <AT realtime clock> at port 0x70 irq 8 on isa0
Event timer "RTC" frequency 32768 Hz quality 0
ppc0: cannot reserve I/O port range
Timecounters tick every 10.000 msec
pcm0: measured ac97 link rate at 485193 Hz
em0: link state changed to UP
usbus0: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
ugen0.1: <Apple> at usbus0
uhub0: <Apple OHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus0
cd0 at ata1 bus 0 scbus1 target 0 lun 0
cd0: <VBOX CD-ROM 1.0> Removable CD-ROM SCSI-0 device
cd0: 33.300MB/s transfers (UDMA2, ATAPI 12bytes, PIO 65534bytes)
cd0: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present
ada0 at ata0 bus 0 scbus0 target 0 lun 0
ada0: <VBOX HARDDISK 1.0> ATA-6 device
ada0: 33.300MB/s transfers (UDMA2, PIO 65536bytes)
ada0: 12546MB (25694208 512 byte sectors: 16H 63S/T 16383C)
ada0: Previously was known as ad0
Timecounter "TSC" frequency 3007772192 Hz quality 800
Root mount waiting for: usbus0
uhub0: 8 ports with 8 removable, self powered
Trying to mount root from ufs:/dev/ada0p2 [rw]...
Setting hostuuid: 1848d7bf-e6a4-4ed4-b782-bd3f1685d551.
Setting hostid: 0xa03479b2.
Entropy harvesting: interrupts ethernet point_to_point kickstart.
Starting file system checks:
/dev/ada0p2: FILE SYSTEM CLEAN; SKIPPING CHECKS
/dev/ada0p2: clean, 2620402 free (714 frags, 327461 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation)
Mounting local file systems:.
vboxguest0 port 0xd020-0xd03f mem 0xf0400000-0xf07fffff,0xf0800000-0xf0803fff irq 20 at device 4.0 on pci0
vboxguest: loaded successfully
Setting hostname: machine3.example.com.
Starting Network: lo0 em0.
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384
        options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM>
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
        nd6 options=21<PERFORMNUD,AUTO_LINKLOCAL>
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
        options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM>
        ether 08:00:27:9f:e0:92
        nd6 options=29<PERFORMNUD,IFDISABLED,AUTO_LINKLOCAL>
        media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseT <full-duplex>)
        status: active
Starting devd.
Starting Network: usbus0.
DHCPREQUEST on em0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
DHCPACK from 10.0.2.2
bound to 192.168.1.142 -- renewal in 43200 seconds.
add net ::ffff:0.0.0.0: gateway ::1
add net ::0.0.0.0: gateway ::1
add net fe80::: gateway ::1
add net ff02::: gateway ::1
ELF ldconfig path: /lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/compat /usr/local/lib
32-bit compatibility ldconfig path: /usr/lib32
Creating and/or trimming log files.
Starting syslogd.
No core dumps found.
Clearing /tmp (X related).
Updating motd:.
Configuring syscons: blanktime.
Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.
Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
10:a0:f5:af:93:ae:a3:1a:b2:bb:3c:35:d9:5a:b3:f3 root@machine3.example.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[RSA1 1024]----+
|    o..          |
|   o . .         |
|  .   o          |
|       o         |
|    o   S        |
|   + + o         |
|o . + *          |
|o+ ..+ .         |
|==o..o+E         |
+-----------------+
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.
Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
7e:1c:ce:dc:8a:3a:18:13:5b:34:b5:cf:d9:d1:47:b2 root@machine3.example.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ DSA 1024]----+
|       ..     . .|
|      o  .   . + |
|     . ..   . E .|
|    . .  o o . . |
|     +  S = .    |
|    +  . = o     |
|     +  . * .    |
|    . .  o .     |
|      .o. .      |
+-----------------+
Starting sshd.
Starting cron.
Starting background file system checks in 60 seconds.

Thu Oct  6 19:15:31 MDT 2011

FreeBSD/amd64 (machine3.example.com) (ttyv0)

login:

wheel
su
root
root
root
shutdown -p
now
GENERIC
hint.acpi.0.disabled
set hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"

/boot/loader.conf
hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"
---
--x
-w-
-wx
r--
r-x
rw-
rwx
ls -l
-rw-r--r--

-
rw-
r--
r--
644
/dev
options UFS_ACL

GENERIC
/etc/fstab
fstab
+
drwx------  2 robert  robert  512 Dec 27 11:54 private
drwxrwx---+ 2 robert  robert  512 Dec 23 10:57 directory1
drwxrwx---+ 2 robert  robert  512 Dec 22 10:20 directory2
drwxrwx---+ 2 robert  robert  512 Dec 27 11:57 directory3
drwxr-xr-x  2 robert  robert  512 Nov 10 11:54 public_html

directory1
directory2
directory3
public_html
/usr
/var
/mnt
/cdrom
/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
/
/bin/
/boot/
/boot/defaults/
/dev/
/etc/
/etc/defaults/
/etc/mail/
/etc/namedb/
named
/etc/periodic/
/etc/ppp/
ppp
/mnt/
/proc/
/root/
root
/sbin/
/stand/
/tmp/
/tmp
/usr/
/usr/bin/
/usr/include/
/usr/lib/
/usr/libdata/
/usr/libexec/
/usr/local/
/usr/local
/usr
/usr/local/share
/usr/local
share/doc/port
/usr/obj/
/usr/src
/usr/ports
/usr/sbin/
/usr/share/
/usr/src/
/usr/X11R6/
/var/
/var/log/
/var/mail/
/var/spool/
/var/tmp/
/var/yp
/
/dev
/usr
/usr/local
/var
log/
spool/
/var
/
fstab
/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
device       /mount-point fstype     options      dumpfreq     passno

device
mount-point
fstype
ufs
options
dumpfreq
passno
passno
passno
passno
passno
mount
# mount device mountpoint

/etc/fstab
fstype
umount
init
init
init
% ps
  PID  TT  STAT      TIME COMMAND
  298  p0  Ss     0:01.10 tcsh
 7078  p0  S      2:40.88 xemacs mdoc.xsl (xemacs-21.1.14)
37393  p0  I      0:03.11 xemacs freebsd.dsl (xemacs-21.1.14)
48630  p0  S      2:50.89 /usr/local/lib/netscape-linux/navigator-linux-4.77.bi
48730  p0  IW     0:00.00 (dns helper) (navigator-linux-)
72210  p0  R+     0:00.00 ps
  390  p1  Is     0:01.14 tcsh
 7059  p2  Is+    1:36.18 /usr/local/bin/mutt -y
 6688  p3  IWs    0:00.00 tcsh
10735  p4  IWs    0:00.00 tcsh
20256  p5  IWs    0:00.00 tcsh
  262  v0  IWs    0:00.00 -tcsh (tcsh)
  270  v0  IW+    0:00.00 /bin/sh /usr/X11R6/bin/startx -- -bpp 16
  280  v0  IW+    0:00.00 xinit /home/nik/.xinitrc -- -bpp 16
  284  v0  IW     0:00.00 /bin/sh /home/nik/.xinitrc
  285  v0  S      0:38.45 /usr/X11R6/bin/sawfish

PID
TT
STAT
TIME
COMMAND
auxww
% top
last pid: 72257;  load averages:  0.13,  0.09,  0.03    up 0+13:38:33  22:39:10
47 processes:  1 running, 46 sleeping
CPU states: 12.6% user,  0.0% nice,  7.8% system,  0.0% interrupt, 79.7% idle
Mem: 36M Active, 5256K Inact, 13M Wired, 6312K Cache, 15M Buf, 408K Free
Swap: 256M Total, 38M Used, 217M Free, 15% Inuse

  PID USERNAME PRI NICE  SIZE    RES STATE    TIME   WCPU    CPU COMMAND
72257 nik       28   0  1960K  1044K RUN      0:00 14.86%  1.42% top
 7078 nik        2   0 15280K 10960K select   2:54  0.88%  0.88% xemacs-21.1.14
  281 nik        2   0 18636K  7112K select   5:36  0.73%  0.73% XF86_SVGA
  296 nik        2   0  3240K  1644K select   0:12  0.05%  0.05% xterm
48630 nik        2   0 29816K  9148K select   3:18  0.00%  0.00% navigator-linu
  175 root       2   0   924K   252K select   1:41  0.00%  0.00% syslogd
 7059 nik        2   0  7260K  4644K poll     1:38  0.00%  0.00% mutt
...

named
httpd
lpd
sendmail
maild
root
SIGSEGV
SIGALRM
SIGTERM
SIGKILL
SIGTERM
SIGTERM
SIGKILL
SIGKILL
SIGHUP
SIGUSR1
SIGUSR2
httpd
SIGHUP
httpd
SIGHUP
/etc/inetd.conf
SIGHUP
root
% ps -ax | grep inetd
  198  ??  IWs    0:00.00 inetd -wW

grep inetd
root
root
% su
Password:
# /bin/kill -s HUP 198

kill: 	 PID:
Operation not 	 permitted
kill: 	 PID: No such process
/bin/kill
kill
/bin/kill
/bin/kill ...
TERM
KILL
/bin/kill -s KILL 1
sh
tcsh
zsh
bash
tcsh
bash
foobar
foo.bar
foo.bar
rm fo[Tab].[Tab]
rm foo[BEEP].bar
foobar
foo.bar
fo
foo
.
USER
PATH
DISPLAY
SHELL
TERM
TERMCAP
OSTYPE
MACHTYPE
EDITOR
PAGER
MANPATH
tcsh
csh
setenv
sh
bash
set
export
csh
tcsh
EDITOR
/usr/local/bin/emacs
% setenv EDITOR /usr/local/bin/emacs

% export EDITOR="/usr/local/bin/emacs"

$
echo $TERM
$TERM
$TERM
echo
*
echo *
ls
*
echo
\
echo $TERM
echo \$TERM
$TERM
chsh
chsh
EDITOR
vi
chsh
bash
% chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash

chsh
/etc/shells
bash
/usr/local/bin
# echo "/usr/local/bin/bash" >> /etc/shells

chsh
ee filename
filename
/etc/rc.conf
ee
/etc/rc.conf
ee
^
^e
emacs
vim
vim
emacs
/var/run/dmesg.boot
acd0
kbd0
/dev
DEVFS
# cd /dev
# sh MAKEDEV ad1

DEVFS
DEVFS
DEVFS
DEVFS
Additional ABI support:.
Local package initialization:.
Additional TCP options:.

Fri Sep 20 13:01:06 EEST 2002

FreeBSD/i386 (pc3.example.org) (ttyv0)

login:

FreeBSD/i386 (pc3.example.org) (ttyv0)

pc3.example.org
ttyv0
login:

login:

john
john
login: john
Password:

john
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
#
ttyv
# name  getty                           type    status          comments
#
ttyv0   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
# Virtual terminals
ttyv1   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv2   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv3   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv4   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv5   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv6   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv7   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure
ttyv8   "/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon"  xterm   off secure

/etc/ttys
console
# name  getty                           type    status          comments
#
# If console is marked "insecure", then init will ask for the root password
# when going to single-user mode.
console none                            unknown off secure

console
secure
insecure
root
insecure
root
man
man
% man コマンド名

コマンド名
ls
% man ls

chmod
man
% man 1 chmod

chmod
chmod
man
% man -k mail

apropos
/usr/bin
% cd /usr/bin
% man -f *

% cd /usr/bin
% whatis *

info
info
% info

h
?
INSTALL
README
doc/
Makefile
configure
pkg_add
pkg_add
ghostscript
ghostscript-nox11
ports-mgmt/portaudit
portaudit -F -a
whereis file
file
# whereis lsof
lsof: /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof

lsof
/usr/ports/sysutils/lsof
# echo /usr/ports/*/*lsof*
/usr/ports/sysutils/lsof

/usr/ports/distfiles
/usr/ports
make search 	 name=プログラム名
プログラム名
lsof
# cd /usr/ports
# make search name=lsof
Port:   lsof-4.56.4
Path:   /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof
Info:   Lists information about open files (similar to fstat(1))
Maint:  obrien@FreeBSD.org
Index:  sysutils
B-deps: 
R-deps:

make search key=string
string
sysinstall
# ftp -a ftp2.FreeBSD.org
Connected to ftp2.FreeBSD.org.
220 ftp2.FreeBSD.org FTP server (Version 6.00LS) ready.
331 Guest login ok, send your email address as password.
230-
230-     This machine is in Vienna, VA, USA, hosted by Verio.
230-         Questions? E-mail freebsd@vienna.verio.net.
230-
230-
230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/sysutils/
250 CWD command successful.
ftp> get lsof-4.56.4.tgz
local: lsof-4.56.4.tgz remote: lsof-4.56.4.tgz
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for 'lsof-4.56.4.tgz' (92375 bytes).
100% |**************************************************| 92375       00:00 ETA
226 Transfer complete.
92375 bytes received in 5.60 seconds (16.11 KB/s)
ftp> exit
# pkg_add lsof-4.56.4.tgz

# pkg_add -r lsof

PACKAGESITE
FTP_PASSIVE_MODE
FTP_PROXY
FTP_PASSWORD
lsof-4.56.4
lsof
PACKAGESITE
ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-8.1-release/Latest/
PACKAGESITE
ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-8-stable/Latest/
.tgz
.tbz
/packages
/usr/ports
All
# pkg_info
cvsup-16.1          A general network file distribution system optimized for CV
docbook-1.2         Meta-port for the different versions of the DocBook DTD
...

# pkg_version
cvsup                       =
docbook                     =
...

# pkg_delete xchat-1.7.1

xchat-1.7.1
xchat
# pkg_delete xchat\*

xchat
/var/db/pkg
make
/usr/ports
Makefile
/usr/ports
csup
# csup -L 2 -h cvsup.FreeBSD.org /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile

cvsup.FreeBSD.org
ports-supfile
root
/usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile
/root
ports-supfile
CHANGE_THIS.FreeBSD.org
csup
# csup -L 2 /root/ports-supfile

/var/db/portsnap
# portsnap fetch

/usr/ports
# portsnap extract

/usr/ports
# portsnap update

root
sysinstall
# sysinstall

Makefile
Makefile
distinfo
files
pkg-descr
pkg-plist
pkg-message
root
ports-mgmt/portaudit
portaudit -F
/usr/ports/distfiles
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof

lsof
make
# make
>> lsof_4.57D.freebsd.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist in /usr/ports/distfiles/.
>> Attempting to fetch from ftp://lsof.itap.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/lsof/.
===>  Extracting for lsof-4.57
...
[extraction output snipped]
...
>> Checksum OK for lsof_4.57D.freebsd.tar.gz.
===>  Patching for lsof-4.57
===>  Applying FreeBSD patches for lsof-4.57
===>  Configuring for lsof-4.57
...
[configure output snipped]
...
===>  Building for lsof-4.57
...
[compilation output snipped]
...
#

make
install
# make install
===>  Installing for lsof-4.57
...
[installation output snipped]
...
===>   Generating temporary packing list
===>   Compressing manual pages for lsof-4.57
===>   Registering installation for lsof-4.57
===>  SECURITY NOTE:
      This port has installed the following binaries which execute with
      increased privileges.
#

lsof
# make clean
===>  Cleaning for lsof-4.57
#

make
make install
make clean
make install clean
PATH
rehash
tcsh
sh
hash -r
/cdrom
CD_MOUNTPTS
FTP_PASSIVE_MODE
FTP_PROXY
FTP_PASSWORD
make fetch
/usr/ports
/usr/ports/net
fetch
fetch-recursive
make fetch
make
MASTER_SITES
MASTER_SITES
# cd /usr/ports/directory
# make MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE= \
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/ fetch

MASTER_SITES
ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/
www/firefox
security/gpgme
mail/sylpheed-claws
WRKDIRPREFIX
PREFIX
# make WRKDIRPREFIX=/usr/home/example/ports install

/usr/home/example/ports
/usr/local
# make PREFIX=/usr/home/example/local install

/usr/ports
/usr/home/example/local
# make WRKDIRPREFIX=../ports PREFIX=../local install

imake
imake
PREFIX
/usr/X11R6
PREFIX
PREFIX
make	config
make showconfig
make rmconfig
lsof
# pkg_delete lsof-4.57

# pkg_version -v

/usr/ports/UPDATING
/usr/ports/UPDATING
UPDATING
UPDATING
ports-mgmt/portupgrade
make install
	clean
# cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portupgrade
# make install clean

pkgdb -F
portupgrade -a
# portupgrade -ai

portupgrade pkgname
# portupgrade -R firefox

PKG_PATH
# portupgrade -PP gnome2

ports-mgmt/portmanager
# cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmanager
# make install clean

# portmanager -u

make install clean
# portmanager x11/gnome2

# portmanager graphics/gimp -f

/var/db/pkg/
ports-mgmt/portmaster
# cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster
# make install clean

# portmaster -L
===>>> Root ports (No dependencies, not depended on)
===>>> ispell-3.2.06_18
===>>> screen-4.0.3
        ===>>> New version available: screen-4.0.3_1
===>>> tcpflow-0.21_1
===>>> 7 root ports
...
===>>> Branch ports (Have dependencies, are depended on)
===>>> apache-2.2.3
        ===>>> New version available: apache-2.2.8
...
===>>> Leaf ports (Have dependencies, not depended on)
===>>> automake-1.9.6_2
===>>> bash-3.1.17
        ===>>> New version available: bash-3.2.33
...
===>>> 32 leaf ports

===>>> 137 total installed ports
        ===>>> 83 have new versions available

# portmaster -a

# portmaster -af

# portmaster shells/bash

work
make clean
# portsclean -C

distfiles
# portsclean -D

# portsclean -DD

portsclean
ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves
# pkg_info -L foopackage-1.0.0 | less

man/
etc/
doc/
# pkg_info | grep -i foopackage

foopackage
foopackage
# pkg_info foopackage-1.0.0

WWW:
/usr/local/etc/rc.d
make maintainer
Makefile
Makefile
$FreeBSD:
ftp.FreeBSD.org
x11-wm
# cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r xorg

x11/xorg-minimal
x11/xorg
sysutils/hal
devel/dbus
/etc/rc.conf
hald_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"

% startx

# Xorg -configure

/root
xorg.conf.new
$HOME
# Xorg -config xorg.conf.new -retro

n
% setxkbmap -option terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp

x11-input.fdi
/usr/local/etc/hal/fdi/policy
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<deviceinfo version="0.2">
  <device>
    <match key="info.capabilities" contains="input.keyboard">
	  <merge key="input.x11_options.XkbOptions" type="string">terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp</merge>
    </match>
  </device>
</deviceinfo>

xorg.conf.new
ServerLayout
ServerFlags
Option	"DontZap"	"off"

xorg.conf
InputDevice
ServerLayout
ServerFlags
Option "AutoAddDevices" "false"

x11-input.fdi
/usr/local/etc/hal/fdi/policy
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<deviceinfo version="0.2">
  <device>
    <match key="info.capabilities" contains="input.keyboard">
	  <merge key="input.x11_options.XkbModel" type="string">pc102</merge>
	  <merge key="input.x11_options.XkbLayout" type="string">fr</merge>
    </match>
  </device>
</deviceinfo>

% setxkbmap -model pc102 -layout fr

/usr/local/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst
xorg.conf.new
xorg.conf.new
"Monitor"
	Section "Monitor"
        Identifier   "Monitor0"
        VendorName   "Monitor Vendor"
        ModelName    "Monitor Model"
        HorizSync    30-107
        VertRefresh  48-120
	EndSection

HorizSync
VertRefresh
HorizSync
VertRefresh
"Monitor"
Option       "DPMS"

xorg.conf.new
"Screen"
Section "Screen"
        Identifier "Screen0"
        Device     "Card0"
        Monitor    "Monitor0"
        DefaultDepth 24
        SubSection "Display"
                Viewport  0 0
                Depth     24
                Modes     "1024x768"
        EndSubSection
EndSection

DefaultDepth
Modes
/var/log/Xorg.0.log
Xorg.0.log
Xorg.8.log
/etc/X11/xorg.conf
/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf
# cp xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf

agpgart
/boot/loader.conf
"Screen"
セクション
Mode
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device     "Card0"
Monitor    "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
	Viewport  0 0
	Depth     24
	Modes     "1680x1050"
EndSubSection
EndSection

ModeLines
ModeLine
/var/log/Xorg.0.log
(II) MGA(0): Supported additional Video Mode:
(II) MGA(0): clock: 146.2 MHz   Image Size:  433 x 271 mm
(II) MGA(0): h_active: 1680  h_sync: 1784  h_sync_end 1960 h_blank_end 2240 h_border: 0
(II) MGA(0): v_active: 1050  v_sync: 1053  v_sync_end 1059 v_blanking: 1089 v_border: 0
(II) MGA(0): Ranges: V min: 48  V max: 85 Hz, H min: 30  H max: 94 kHz, PixClock max 170 MHz

ModeLine
 ModeLine <name> <clock> <4 horiz. timings> <4 vert. timings>

Section "Monitor"
Identifier      "Monitor1"
VendorName      "Bigname"
ModelName       "BestModel" 
ModeLine        "1680x1050" 146.2 1680 1784 1960 2240 1050 1053 1059 1089 
Option          "DPMS"
EndSection

x11-fonts/urwfonts
x11-fonts/freefonts
# cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts
# make install clean

/etc/X11/xorg.conf
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/URW/"

% xset fp+ /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/URW
% xset fp rehash

startx
~/.xinitrc
~/.xsession
/usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf
/etc/X11/xorg.conf
"Module"
Load  "freetype"

/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
fonts.dir
ttmkfdir
x11-fonts/ttmkfdir
# cd /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
# ttmkfdir -o fonts.dir

% xset fp+ /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
% xset fp rehash

xorg.conf
FontPath
/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/
~/.fonts/
/usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf
<fontconfig>
        <?xml version="1.0"?>
        <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
        <fontconfig>

/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/
~/.fonts/
/usr/local/etc/fonts/local.conf
<dir>/path/to/my/fonts</dir>

# fc-cache -f

        <match target="font">
            <test name="size" compare="less">
                <double>14</double>
            </test>
            <edit name="antialias" mode="assign">
                <bool>false</bool>
            </edit>
        </match>
        <match target="font">
            <test name="pixelsize" compare="less" qual="any">
                <double>14</double>
            </test>
            <edit mode="assign" name="antialias">
                <bool>false</bool>
            </edit>
        </match>

        <match target="pattern" name="family">
            <test qual="any" name="family">
                <string>fixed</string>
            </test>
            <edit name="family" mode="assign">
                <string>mono</string>
            </edit>
        </match>
        <match target="pattern" name="family">
            <test qual="any" name="family">
                <string>console</string>
            </test>
            <edit name="family" mode="assign">
                <string>mono</string>
            </edit>
        </match>

"mono"
        <match target="pattern" name="family">
            <test qual="any" name="family">
                <string>mono</string>
            </test>
            <edit name="spacing" mode="assign">
                <int>100</int>
            </edit>
        </match>

local.conf
        <match target="pattern" name="family">
            <test qual="any" name="family">
                <string>Helvetica</string>
            </test>
            <edit name="family" mode="assign">
                <string>sans-serif</string>
            </edit>
        </match>

local.conf
</fontconfig>
.fonts.conf
~/.fonts.conf
local.conf
        <match target="font">
            <test qual="all" name="rgba">
                <const>unknown</const>
            </test>
            <edit name="rgba" mode="assign">
                <const>rgb</const>
            </edit>
        </match>

rgb
bgr
vrgb
vbgr
x11/xdm
/usr/local/bin/xdm
root
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
ttyv8	"/usr/local/bin/xdm -nodaemon"	xterm	off secure

off
on
ttyv8
/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm
Xaccess
Xresources
Xservers
Xsession
Xsetup_
xdm-config
xdm-errors
xdm-pid
xdm-config
~/.xsession
Xsetup_
Xsetup_0
xconsole
~/.xsession-errors
xdm-config
! SECURITY: do not listen for XDMCP or Chooser requests
! Comment out this line if you want to manage X terminals with xdm
DisplayManager.requestPort:     0

Xaccess
# pkg_add -r gnome2

# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome2
# make install clean

/proc
/etc/fstab
proc           /proc       procfs  rw  0   0

/etc/rc.conf
gdm_enable="YES"

/etc/rc.conf
gnome_enable="YES"

.xinitrc
.xinitrc
% echo "/usr/local/bin/gnome-session" > ~/.xinitrc

startx
.xsession
% echo "#!/bin/sh" > ~/.xsession
% echo "/usr/local/bin/gnome-session" >> ~/.xsession
% chmod +x ~/.xsession

# pkg_add -r kde

# pkg_add -r kde4

# cd /usr/ports/x11/kde3
# make install clean

# cd /usr/ports/x11/kde4
# make install clean

.xinitrc
% echo "exec startkde" > ~/.xinitrc

% echo "exec /usr/local/kde4/bin/startkde" > ~/.xinitrc

startx
.xsession
/etc/ttys
ttyv8
ttyv8 "/usr/local/bin/kdm -nodaemon" xterm on secure

/etc/rc.conf
local_startup="${local_startup} /usr/local/kde4/etc/rc.d"
kdm4_enable="YES"

# pkg_add -r xfce4

# cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4
# make install clean

% echo "/usr/local/bin/startxfce4" > ~/.xinitrc

.xsession
/usr/local/bin/startxfce4
www/dillo2
www/links
www/w3m
# pkg_add -r firefox

# pkg_add -r firefox-esr

# cd /usr/ports/www/firefox
# make install clean

firefox
firefox-esr
# cd /usr/ports/java/openjdk6
# make install clean

java/icedtea-web
# cd /usr/ports/java/icedtea-web
# make install clean

about:plugins
% ln -s /usr/local/lib/IcedTeaPlugin.so \
  $HOME/.mozilla/plugins/

www/nspluginwrapper
emulators/linux_base-fc4
www/linux-flashplugin9
www/nspluginwrapper
emulators/linux_base-f10
www/linux-f10-flashplugin11
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/npapi/linux-f10-flashplugin/libflashplayer.so \
  /usr/local/lib/browser_plugins/

/usr/local/lib/browser_plugins
nspluginwrapper
% nspluginwrapper -v -a -i

/compat/linux/proc
# mount -t linprocfs linproc /compat/linux/proc

/etc/fstab
linproc	/compat/linux/proc	linprocfs	rw	0	0

about:plugins
# pkg_add -r swfdec-plugin

# cd /usr/ports/www/swfdec-plugin
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r opera

# cd /usr/ports/www/opera
# make install clean

opera
linux-opera
www/linux-f10-flashplugin11
www/opera-linuxplugins
# cd /usr/ports/www/linux-f10-flashplugin11
# make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/www/opera-linuxplugins
# make install clean

about:plugins
x11/kdebase3
misc/konq-plugins
# pkg_add -r chromium

# cd /usr/ports/www/chromium
# make install clean

/usr/local/bin/chrome
/usr/local/bin/chromium
# cd /usr/ports/java/openjdk6
# make install clean

java/icedtea-web
# cd /usr/ports/java/icedtea-web
# make install clean

about:plugins
# mkdir -p /usr/local/share/chromium/plugins
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/IcedTeaPlugin.so \
  /usr/local/share/chromium/plugins/

# pkg_add -r koffice-kde4

# cd /usr/ports/editors/koffice-kde4
# make install clean

.doc
# pkg_add -r abiword

# cd /usr/ports/editors/abiword
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r gimp

# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp
# make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp-manual-pdf
# make install clean

graphics/gimp-devel
graphics/gimp-manual-html
# pkg_add -r openoffice.org

% openoffice.org

.openoffice.org
# cd /usr/ports/editors/openoffice.org-3
 # make install clean

# make LOCALIZED_LANG=your_language install clean

your_language
files/Makefile.localized
% openoffice.org

# pkg_add -r libreoffice

% libreoffice

.libreoffice
# cd /usr/ports/editors/libreoffice
# make install clean

# make LOCALIZED_LANG=your_language install clean

your_language
Makefile
pre-fetch
% libreoffice

# cd /usr/ports/print/acroread8
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r gv

# cd /usr/ports/print/gv
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r xpdf

# cd /usr/ports/graphics/xpdf
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r gqview

# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gqview
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r gnucash

# cd /usr/ports/finance/gnucash
# make install clean

math/guppi
# pkg_add -r gnumeric

# cd /usr/ports/math/gnumeric
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r abacus

# cd /usr/ports/deskutils/abacus
# make install clean

# pkg_add -r kmymoney2

# cd /usr/ports/finance/kmymoney2
# make install clean

opera
www/opera
firefox
www/firefox
chromium
www/chromium
koffice-kde4
editors/koffice-kde4
abiword
editors/abiword
gimp
graphics/gimp
openoffice
editors/openoffice.org-3
libreoffice
editors/libreoffice
acroread
print/acroread8
gv
print/gv
xpdf
graphics/xpdf
gqview
graphics/gqview
gnucash
finance/gnucash
gnumeric
math/gnumeric
abacus
deskutils/abacus
kmymoney2
finance/kmymoney2
audio/sox
.mpg
.avi
# kldload snd_emu10k1

/boot/loader.conf
snd_emu10k1_load="YES"

/boot/defaults/loader.conf
snd_driver
# kldload snd_driver

snd_driver
/boot/loader.conf
snd_driver
cat
/dev/sndstat
/dev/sndstat
device sound

device snd_emu10k1

/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
/boot/device.hints
snd_sb16
device snd_sbc
device snd_sb16

/boot/device.hints
hint.sbc.0.at="isa"
hint.sbc.0.port="0x220"
hint.sbc.0.irq="5"
hint.sbc.0.drq="1"
hint.sbc.0.flags="0x15"

0x220
5
/boot/device.hints
pcm0: <Intel ICH3 (82801CA)> port 0xdc80-0xdcbf,0xd800-0xd8ff irq 5 at device 31.5 on pci0
pcm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
pcm0: <Cirrus Logic CS4205 AC97 Codec>

/dev/sndstat
# cat /dev/sndstat
FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm)
Installed devices:
pcm0: <Intel ICH3 (82801CA)> at io 0xd800, 0xdc80 irq 5 bufsz 16384
kld snd_ich (1p/2r/0v channels duplex default)

pcm
% cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0 play 1

audio/workman
audio/mpg123
/dev/dsp
% cat filename > /dev/dsp

filename
/dev/dsp*
sb_dspwr(XX) timed out
bad irq XX
xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of
memory
xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!
fstat | grep dsp
pcm
...
hdac0: HDA Driver Revision: 20100226_0142
hdac1: HDA Driver Revision: 20100226_0142
hdac0: HDA Codec #0: NVidia (Unknown)
hdac0: HDA Codec #1: NVidia (Unknown)
hdac0: HDA Codec #2: NVidia (Unknown)
hdac0: HDA Codec #3: NVidia (Unknown)
pcm0: <HDA NVidia (Unknown) PCM #0 DisplayPort> at cad 0 nid 1 on hdac0
pcm1: <HDA NVidia (Unknown) PCM #0 DisplayPort> at cad 1 nid 1 on hdac0
pcm2: <HDA NVidia (Unknown) PCM #0 DisplayPort> at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac0
pcm3: <HDA NVidia (Unknown) PCM #0 DisplayPort> at cad 3 nid 1 on hdac0
hdac1: HDA Codec #2: Realtek ALC889
pcm4: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #0 Analog> at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1
pcm5: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #1 Analog> at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1
pcm6: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #2 Digital> at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1
pcm7: <HDA Realtek ALC889 PCM #3 Digital> at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac1
...

NVidia
Realtek ALC889
hw.snd.default_unit
# sysctl hw.snd.default_unit=n

n
4
/etc/sysctl.conf
hw.snd.default_unit=4

root
# sysctl dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4
# sysctl dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4
# sysctl hw.snd.maxautovchans=4

pcm0
hw.snd.maxautovchans
pcm
/dev/dsp0
pcm
/boot/device.hints
hint.pcm.0.vol="50"

multimedia/xmms
audio/mpg123
/dev/dsp1.0
Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3
# mpg123 -a /dev/dsp1.0 Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3
High Performance MPEG 1.0/2.0/2.5 Audio Player for Layer 1, 2 and 3.
Version 0.59r (1999/Jun/15). Written and copyrights by Michael Hipp.
Uses code from various people. See 'README' for more!
THIS SOFTWARE COMES WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY! USE AT YOUR OWN RISK!

Playing MPEG stream from Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3 ...
MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo

sysutils/cdrtools
cdda2wav
root
# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -B

# cdda2wav -D /dev/acd0 -t 7

0,1,0
0,1,0
cdrecord -scanbus
# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 7

# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 1+7

audio/lame
audio01.wav
audio01.mp3
# lame -h -b 128 \
--tt "曲名" \
--ta "アーティスト名" \
--tl "アルバム名" \
--ty "年" \
--tc "コメント" \
--tg "ジャンル" \
audio01.wav audio01.mp3

Options
Preference
Configure
Play
mpg123 -s audio01.mp3 	
> audio01.pcm
audio/sox
% sox -t wav -r 44100 -s -w -c 2 track.wav track.raw

/dev/dvd
# ln -sf /dev/acd0 /dev/dvd
# ln -sf /dev/acd0 /dev/rdvd

/etc/devfs.conf
link acd0 dvd
link acd0 rdvd

kern.ipc.shmmax=67108864
kern.ipc.shmall=32768

xvinfo
% xvinfo

X-Video Extension version 2.2
screen #0
  Adaptor #0: "Savage Streams Engine"
    number of ports: 1
    port base: 43
    operations supported: PutImage
    supported visuals:
      depth 16, visualID 0x22
      depth 16, visualID 0x23
    number of attributes: 5
      "XV_COLORKEY" (range 0 to 16777215)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 2110)
      "XV_BRIGHTNESS" (range -128 to 127)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 0)
      "XV_CONTRAST" (range 0 to 255)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 128)
      "XV_SATURATION" (range 0 to 255)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 128)
      "XV_HUE" (range -180 to 180)
              client settable attribute
              client gettable attribute (current value is 0)
    maximum XvImage size: 1024 x 1024
    Number of image formats: 7
      id: 0x32595559 (YUY2)
        guid: 59555932-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71
        bits per pixel: 16
        number of planes: 1
        type: YUV (packed)
      id: 0x32315659 (YV12)
        guid: 59563132-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71
        bits per pixel: 12
        number of planes: 3
        type: YUV (planar)
      id: 0x30323449 (I420)
        guid: 49343230-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71
        bits per pixel: 12
        number of planes: 3
        type: YUV (planar)
      id: 0x36315652 (RV16)
        guid: 52563135-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
        bits per pixel: 16
        number of planes: 1
        type: RGB (packed)
        depth: 0
        red, green, blue masks: 0x1f, 0x3e0, 0x7c00
      id: 0x35315652 (RV15)
        guid: 52563136-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
        bits per pixel: 16
        number of planes: 1
        type: RGB (packed)
        depth: 0
        red, green, blue masks: 0x1f, 0x7e0, 0xf800
      id: 0x31313259 (Y211)
        guid: 59323131-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71
        bits per pixel: 6
        number of planes: 3
        type: YUV (packed)
      id: 0x0
        guid: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
        bits per pixel: 0
        number of planes: 0
        type: RGB (packed)
        depth: 1
        red, green, blue masks: 0x0, 0x0, 0x0

X-Video Extension version 2.2
screen #0
no adaptors present

devel/sdl12
root
dga
work
/proc/cpuinfo
multimedia/mplayer
Makefile
make
# cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer
# make
N - O - T - E

Take a careful look into the Makefile in order
to learn how to tune mplayer towards you personal preferences!
For example,
make WITH_GTK1
builds MPlayer with GTK1-GUI support.
If you want to use the GUI, you can either install
/usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer-skins
or download official skin collections from
http://www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage/dload.html

WITH_XVID
WITH_DVD_DEVICE
/dev/acd0
mplayer
mencoder
mencoder
.mplayer
% cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer
% make install-user

mplayer
testfile.avi
% mplayer -vo xv testfile.avi

% mplayer -vo sdl testfile.avi

% mplayer -vo x11 testfile.avi

# mplayer -vo dga testfile.avi

# mplayer -vo 'sdl:dga' testfile.avi

testfile.avi
N
DEVICE
DEVICE
/dev/dvd
# mplayer -vo xv dvd://3 -dvd-device /dev/dvd

WITH_DVD_DEVICE
/dev/acd0
Makefile
mplayer -h
mplayer
.mplayer/config
vo=xv
fs=yes
zoom=yes

mplayer
.vob
# mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile out.vob dvd://2 -dvd-device /dev/dvd

out.vob
mencoder
% mencoder input.avi -oac copy -ovc copy -o output.avi

mplayer
mplayer
input.avi
audio/lame
% mencoder input.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts br=192 \
	 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vhq -o output.avi

mplayer
xine
input.avi
root
multimedia/xine
% xine

% xine -g -p mymovie.avi

stdin/stdout
multimedia/transcode
# make WITH_OPTIMIZED_CFLAGS=yes WITH_LIBA52=yes WITH_LAME=yes WITH_OGG=yes \
WITH_MJPEG=yes -DWITH_XVID=yes

transcode
% transcode -i input.avi -V --export_prof vcd-pal -o output_vcd
% mplex -f 1 -o output_vcd.mpg output_vcd.m1v output_vcd.mpa

output_vcd.mpg
multimedia/vcdimager
sysutils/cdrdao
transcode
multimedia/avifile
multimedia/ogle
multimedia/dvdauthor
/boot/loader.conf
bktr_load="YES"

device	 bktr
device	iicbus
device	iicbb
device	smbus

bktr0: <BrookTree 848A> mem 0xd7000000-0xd7000fff irq 10 at device 10.0 on pci0
iicbb0: <I2C bit-banging driver> on bti2c0
iicbus0: <Philips I2C bus> on iicbb0 master-only
iicbus1: <Philips I2C bus> on iicbb0 master-only
smbus0: <System Management Bus> on bti2c0
bktr0: Pinnacle/Miro TV, Philips SECAM tuner.

options OVERRIDE_TUNER=6

# sysctl hw.bt848.tuner=6

/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
multimedia/fxtv
multimedia/xawtv
misc/alevt
audio/xmradio
audio/wmtune
multimedia/webcamd
multimedia/pvr250
multimedia/pvrxxx
x11/xorg
multimedia/mythtv-frontend
multimedia/mythtv
multimedia/mythtv
# cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mythtv
# make install

# mysql -uroot -p < /usr/local/share/mythtv/database/mc.sql

# mythtv-setup

# echo 'mythbackend_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mythbackend start

GENERIC
device usb
device uhci
device ohci
device ehci

device uscanner

ugen0.2: <EPSON> at usbus0

uscanner0: EPSON EPSON Scanner, rev 1.10/3.02, addr 2

/dev/ugen0.2
/dev/uscanner0
GENERIC
NOTES
device scbus
device pass

pass2 at aic0 bus 0 target 2 lun 0
pass2: <AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 1.10> Fixed Scanner SCSI-2 device
pass2: 3.300MB/s transfers

# camcontrol rescan all
Re-scan of bus 0 was successful
Re-scan of bus 1 was successful
Re-scan of bus 2 was successful
Re-scan of bus 3 was successful

# camcontrol devlist
<IBM DDRS-34560 S97B>              at scbus0 target 5 lun 0 (pass0,da0)
<IBM DDRS-34560 S97B>              at scbus0 target 6 lun 0 (pass1,da1)
<AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 1.10>           at scbus1 target 2 lun 0 (pass3)
<PHILIPS CDD3610 CD-R/RW 1.00>     at scbus2 target 0 lun 0 (pass2,cd0)

graphics/sane-backends
graphics/sane-frontends
graphics/sane-backends
sane-find-scanner
# sane-find-scanner -q
found SCSI scanner "AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 1.10" at /dev/pass3

# scanimage -L
device `snapscan:/dev/pass3' is a AGFA SNAPSCAN 600 flatbed scanner

# scanimage -L
device 'epson2:libusb:/dev/usb:/dev/ugen0.2' is a Epson GT-8200 flatbed scanner

'epson2:libusb:/dev/usb:/dev/ugen0.2'
epson2
/dev/ugen0.2
/usr/local/etc/sane.d/
sane-find-scanner
# sane-find-scanner -q
found USB scanner (UNKNOWN vendor and product) at device /dev/uscanner0

/dev/uscanner0
# scanimage -L

No scanners were identified. If you were expecting something different,
check that the scanner is plugged in, turned on and detected by the
sane-find-scanner tool (if appropriate). Please read the documentation
which came with this software (README, FAQ, manpages).

/usr/local/etc/sane.d/epson2.conf
epson2
scsi
usb /dev/uscanner0

# scanimage -L
device `epson:/dev/uscanner0' is a Epson GT-8200 flatbed scanner

`epson:/dev/uscanner0'
scanimage -L
graphics/sane-frontends
graphics/xsane
root
/dev/ugen0.2
/dev/usb/0.2.0
/dev
wheel
operator
joe
wheel
usb
# pw groupadd usb

/dev/ugen0.2
/dev/usb/0.2.0
usb
0660
0664
root
/etc/devfs.rules
[system=5]
add path ugen0.2 mode 0660 group usb
add path usb/0.2.0 mode 0666 group usb

/dev/uscanner0
[system=5]
add path uscanner0 mode 660 group usb

/etc/rc.conf
devfs_system_ruleset="system"

/etc/devfs.rules
usb
# pw groupmod usb -m joe

root
GENERIC
GENERIC
GENERIC
psm
psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
psm0: [ITHREAD]
psm0: model Generic PS/2 mouse, device ID 0

dmesg
/var/run/dmesg.boot
ath0@pci0:3:0:0:        class=0x020000 card=0x058a1014 chip=0x1014168c rev=0x01 hdr=0x00
    vendor     = 'Atheros Communications Inc.'
    device     = 'AR5212 Atheros AR5212 802.11abg wireless'
    class      = network
    subclass   = ethernet

pciconf -lv
ath
man ath
# man -k Atheros

ath(4)                   - Atheros IEEE 802.11 wireless network driver
ath_hal(4)               - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)

/boot/kernel
ath
Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the
following line in loader.conf(5):

    if_ath_load="YES"

/boot/loader.conf
if_ath_load="YES"
loader.conf
/usr/src/sys
/sys
arch/conf
compile
arch
i386
amd64
ia64
powerpc
sparc64
pc98
/usr/src/
root
sysinstall
/sys/
/usr/src/sys/
# ln -s /usr/src/sys /sys

arch/conf
GENERIC
# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
# cp GENERIC MYKERNEL

MYKERNEL
/usr/src
/usr/src
GENERIC
i386
# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
# mkdir /root/kernels
# cp GENERIC /root/kernels/MYKERNEL	
# ln -s /root/kernels/MYKERNEL

MYKERNEL
GENERIC
GENERIC
/usr/src/UPDATING
/usr/src/UPDATING
/usr/src
# cd /usr/src

# make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL

# make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL

/etc/make.conf
MODULES_OVERRIDE = linux acpi sound/sound sound/driver/ds1 ntfs

WITHOUT_MODULES = linux acpi sound ntfs

/boot/kernel
/boot/kernel/kernel
/boot/kernel.old/kernel
/boot
/boot/kernel
#
GENERIC
GENERIC
NOTES
/usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES
include
GENERIC
include
include GENERIC
ident MYKERNEL

options         IPFIREWALL
options         DUMMYNET
options         IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT
options         IPDIVERT

GENERIC
GENERIC
nooptions
nodevice
root
# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf && make LINT

GENERIC
/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC
machine		i386

amd64
i386
ia64
pc98
powerpc
sparc64
cpu          I486_CPU
cpu          I586_CPU
cpu          I686_CPU

I586_CPU
I686_CPU
/var/run/dmesg.boot
ident          GENERIC

MYKERNEL
ident
#To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints
#hints          "GENERIC.hints"         # Default places to look for devices.

/boot/device.hints
hints
/boot
device.hints
makeoptions     DEBUG=-g          # Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols

options          SCHED_ULE         # ULE scheduler

options          PREEMPTION         # Enable kernel thread preemption

options          INET              # InterNETworking

options          INET6             # IPv6 communications protocols

options          FFS               # Berkeley Fast Filesystem

options          SOFTUPDATES       # Enable FFS Soft Updates support

soft-updates
options          UFS_ACL           # Support for access control lists

options          UFS_DIRHASH       # Improve performance on big directories

options          MD_ROOT           # MD is a potential root device

options          NFSCLIENT         # Network Filesystem Client
options          NFSSERVER         # Network Filesystem Server
options          NFS_ROOT          # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENT

options          MSDOSFS           # MSDOS Filesystem

emulators/mtools
MSDOSFS
options          CD9660            # ISO 9660 Filesystem

options          PROCFS            # Process filesystem (requires PSEUDOFS)

/proc
PROCFS
PROCFS
options          PSEUDOFS          # Pseudo-filesystem framework

PROCFS
PSEUDOFS
options          GEOM_PART_GPT     # GUID Partition Tables.

options          COMPAT_43         # Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]

options          COMPAT_FREEBSD4   # Compatible with FreeBSD4

options          COMPAT_FREEBSD5   # Compatible with FreeBSD5

options          COMPAT_FREEBSD6   # Compatible with FreeBSD6

options          COMPAT_FREEBSD7   # Compatible with FreeBSD7

options          SCSI_DELAY=5000  # Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI

options          KTRACE            # ktrace(1) support

options          SYSVSHM           # SYSV-style shared memory

options          SYSVMSG           # SYSV-style message queues

options          SYSVSEM           # SYSV-style semaphores

options 	     _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions

options          KBD_INSTALL_CDEV  # install a CDEV entry in /dev

/dev
options          ADAPTIVE_GIANT    # Giant mutex is adaptive.

ADAPTIVE_GIANT
NO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEXES
ADAPTIVE_GIANT
device          apic               # I/O APIC

options SMP
device          eisa

device          pci

# Floppy drives
device          fdc

# ATA and ATAPI devices
device          ata

device ata
device          atadisk                 # ATA disk drives

device ata
device          ataraid                 # ATA RAID drives

device ata
device          atapicd                 # ATAPI CDROM drives

device ata
device          atapifd                 # ATAPI floppy drives

device ata
device          atapist                 # ATAPI tape drives

device ata
options         ATA_STATIC_ID           # Static device numbering

# SCSI Controllers
device          ahb        # EISA AHA1742 family
device          ahc        # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
options         AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT    # Print register bitfields in debug
                                        # output.  Adds ~128k to driver.
device          ahd        # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
options         AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT    # Print register bitfields in debug
                                        # output.  Adds ~215k to driver.
device          amd        # AMD 53C974 (Teckram DC-390(T))
device          isp        # Qlogic family
#device         ispfw      # Firmware for QLogic HBAs- normally a module
device          mpt        # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion
#device         ncr        # NCR/Symbios Logic
device          sym        # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets + those of `ncr')
device          trm        # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters

device          adv        # Advansys SCSI adapters
device          adw        # Advansys wide SCSI adapters
device          aha        # Adaptec 154x SCSI adapters
device          aic        # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters, AIC-6[23]60.
device          bt         # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI adapters

device          ncv        # NCR 53C500
device          nsp        # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
device          stg        # TMC 18C30/18C50

*_REG_PRETTY_PRINT
# SCSI peripherals
device          scbus      # SCSI bus (required for SCSI)
device          ch         # SCSI media changers
device          da         # Direct Access (disks)
device          sa         # Sequential Access (tape etc)
device          cd         # CD
device          pass       # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
device          ses        # SCSI Environmental Services (and SAF-TE)

# RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
device          amr        # AMI MegaRAID
device          arcmsr     # Areca SATA II RAID
device          asr        # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID
device          ciss       # Compaq Smart RAID 5*
device          dpt        # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for options
device          hptmv      # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x
device          hptrr      # Highpoint RocketRAID 17xx, 22xx, 23xx, 25xx
device          iir        # Intel Integrated RAID
device          ips        # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID
device          mly        # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID
device          twa        # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID

# RAID controllers
device          aac        # Adaptec FSA RAID
device          aacp       # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM)
device          ida        # Compaq Smart RAID
device          mfi        # LSI MegaRAID SAS
device          mlx        # Mylex DAC960 family
device          pst        # Promise Supertrak SX6000
device          twe        # 3ware ATA RAID

# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
device          atkbdc     # AT keyboard controller

atkbdc
atkbd
psm
device          atkbd      # AT keyboard

atkbd
atkbdc
device          psm        # PS/2 mouse

device          kbdmux        # keyboard multiplexer

device          vga        # VGA video card driver

device          splash     # Splash screen and screen saver support

# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
device          sc

sc
termcap
sc
VT220
vt
TERM
scoansi
# Enable this for the pcvt (VT220 compatible) console driver
#device          vt
#options         XSERVER          # support for X server on a vt console
#options         FAT_CURSOR       # start with block cursor

sc
TERM
vt100
vt220
sc
termcap
terminfo
vt100
device          agp

# Power management support (see NOTES for more options)
#device          apm

GENERIC
# Add suspend/resume support for the i8254.
device           pmtimer

# PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
# PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support
device          cbb               # cardbus (yenta) bridge
device          pccard            # PC Card (16-bit) bus
device          cardbus           # CardBus (32-bit) bus

# Serial (COM) ports
device          sio               # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports

COM
COM4
COM2
/boot/device.hints
0x*2e8
COM4
COM3
COM4
# Parallel port
device          ppc

device          ppbus      # Parallel port bus (required)

device          lpt        # Printer

device          plip       # TCP/IP over parallel

device          ppi        # Parallel port interface device

#device         vpo        # Requires scbus and da

scbus
da
#device         puc

# PCI Ethernet NICs.
device          de         # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (“Tulip”)
device          em         # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet Card
device          ixgb       # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card
device          txp        # 3Com 3cR990 (“Typhoon”)
device          vx         # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (“Vortex”)

# PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
# NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
device          miibus     # MII bus support

device miibus
device          bce        # Broadcom BCM5706/BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet
device          bfe        # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet
device          bge        # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet
device          dc         # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
device          fxp        # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
device          lge        # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit ethernet
device          msk        # Marvell/SysKonnect Yukon II Gigabit Ethernet
device          nge        # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit ethernet
device          nve        # nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet Networking
device          pcn        # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 (precedence over 'lnc')
device          re         # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S
device          rl         # RealTek 8129/8139
device          sf         # Adaptec AIC-6915 (“Starfire”)
device          sis        # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016
device          sk         # SysKonnect SK-984x & SK-982x gigabit Ethernet
device          ste        # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)
device          stge       # Sundance/Tamarack TC9021 gigabit Ethernet
device          ti         # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit Ethernet
device          tl         # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN
device          tx         # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 “EPIC”)
device          vge        # VIA VT612x gigabit ethernet
device          vr         # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
device          wb         # Winbond W89C840F
device          xl         # 3Com 3c90x (“Boomerang”, “Cyclone”)

# ISA Ethernet NICs.  pccard NICs included.
device          cs         # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC
# 'device ed' requires 'device miibus'
device          ed         # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390 cards
device          ex         # Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+
device          ep         # Etherlink III based cards
device          fe         # Fujitsu MB8696x based cards
device          ie         # EtherExpress 8/16, 3C507, StarLAN 10 etc.
device          lnc        # NE2100, NE32-VL Lance Ethernet cards
device          sn         # SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet chips
device          xe         # Xircom pccard Ethernet

# ISA devices that use the old ISA shims
#device         le

/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/NOTES
# Wireless NIC cards
device          wlan            # 802.11 support

device          wlan_wep        # 802.11 WEP support
device          wlan_ccmp       # 802.11 CCMP support
device          wlan_tkip       # 802.11 TKIP support

device          an         # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs.
device          ath             # Atheros pci/cardbus NIC's
device          ath_hal         # Atheros HAL (Hardware Access Layer)
device          ath_rate_sample # SampleRate tx rate control for ath
device          awi        # BayStack 660 and others
device          ral        # Ralink Technology RT2500 wireless NICs.
device          wi         # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless NICs.
#device         wl         # Older non 802.11 Wavelan wireless NIC.

# Pseudo devices
device   loop          # Network loopback

localhost
127.0.0.1
device   random        # Entropy device

device   ether         # Ethernet support

ether
device   sl            # Kernel SLIP

sl
device   ppp           # Kernel PPP

tun
device   tun           # Packet tunnel.

device   pty           # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)

telnet
rlogin
device   md            # Memory “disks”

device   gif           # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling

gif
device   faith         # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)

# The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
# Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
device   bpf           # Berkeley packet filter

# USB support
device          uhci          # UHCI PCI->USB interface
device          ohci          # OHCI PCI->USB interface
device          ehci          # EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0)
device          usb           # USB Bus (required)
#device         udbp          # USB Double Bulk Pipe devices
device          ugen          # Generic
device          uhid          # “Human Interface Devices”
device          ukbd          # Keyboard
device          ulpt          # Printer
device          umass         # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da
device          ums           # Mouse
device          ural          # Ralink Technology RT2500USB wireless NICs
device          urio          # Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player
device          uscanner      # Scanners
# USB Ethernet, requires mii
device          aue           # ADMtek USB Ethernet
device          axe           # ASIX Electronics USB Ethernet
device          cdce          # Generic USB over Ethernet
device          cue           # CATC USB Ethernet
device          kue           # Kawasaki LSI USB Ethernet
device          rue           # RealTek RTL8150 USB Ethernet

# FireWire support
device          firewire      # FireWire bus code
device          sbp           # SCSI over FireWire (Requires scbus and da)
device          fwe           # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)

/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/NOTES
options		    PAE

PAE
config
config: line 17: syntax error

GENERIC
make
make
boot kernel.old
/var/log/messages
/boot/kernel
# mv /boot/kernel /boot/kernel.bad
# mv /boot/kernel.good /boot/kernel

/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
ppc0
ppc1
/dev/lpt0
/etc/printcap
# grep sioN /var/run/dmesg.boot

N
sio2 at port 0x3e8-0x3ef irq 5 on isa
 sio2: type 16550A

# grep ppcN /var/run/dmesg.boot

N
ppc0: <Parallel port> at port 0x378-0x37f irq 7 on isa0
ppc0: SMC-like chipset (ECP/EPP/PS2/NIBBLE) in COMPATIBLE mode
ppc0: FIFO with 16/16/8 bytes threshold

ppc0
ppc1
ppc2
/boot/device.hints
N
hint.ppc.0.irq="N"

device ppc

/boot/device.hints
hint.ppc.0.irq="N"

lptN
# lptcontrol -i -d /dev/lptN

lptN
# lptcontrol -p -d /dev/lptN

/etc/rc.local
%!PS
100 100 moveto 300 300 lineto stroke
310 310 moveto
/Helvetica findfont 12 scalefont setfont
(Is this thing working?) show
showpage

root
# lptest > /dev/lptN

N
# cat > /dev/lptN

# cat file > /dev/lptN

file
root
/etc/remote
printer:dv=/dev/port:br#bps-rate:pa=parity

port
ttyd0
ttyd1
bps-rate
parity
even
odd
none
zero
printer:dv=/dev/ttyd2:br#19200:pa=none

# tip printer

/etc/remote
/dev/ttydN
/dev/cuaaN
% $lptest

CONTROL+D
% >file

file
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
/usr/share/misc/termcap
/etc/remote
/etc/printcap
sh
sd
/dev
/etc/printcap
lp
ms#
/etc/printcap
lp
PRINTER
lp
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:

rattan
line
diablo
lp
Diablo 630 Line Printer
lp
bamboo
ps
PS
S
panasonic
Panasonic KX-P4455 	 PostScript v51.4
/etc/printcap
sh
sh
/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose - no header pages anywhere
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:

/var/spool
# mkdir /var/spool/printer-name

rattan
bamboo
# mkdir /var/spool/lpd
# mkdir /var/spool/lpd/rattan
# mkdir /var/spool/lpd/bamboo

daemon
daemon
# chown daemon:daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan
# chown daemon:daemon /var/spool/lpd/bamboo
# chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan
# chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/bamboo

/etc/printcap
sd
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose - added spooling directories
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:

sd
/var/spool/lpd
/dev
/etc/printcap
lp
/dev
rattan
bamboo
/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose - identified what devices to use
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:

/etc/printcap
lp
/dev/lp
/dev/lp
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
lp
		 br#bps-rate
bps-rate
bps-rate
ms#stty-mode
lp
ms#
parenb
parodd
cs5
cs6
cs7
cs8
cstopb
crtscts
ixon
-parenb
cs8
clocal
crtscts
bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:

lp
/bin/cat
lpf
lpf
/usr/local/libexec/if-simple
#!/bin/sh
#
# if-simple - Simple text input filter for lpd
# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/if-simple
#
# Simply copies stdin to stdout.  Ignores all filter arguments.

/bin/cat && exit 0
exit 2

# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/if-simple

/etc/printcap
if
/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose - added text filter
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

if-simple
/usr/share/examples/printing
lpd_enable
/etc/rc
NO
lpd_enable="YES"

/etc/rc.conf
# lpd

# lptest 20 5 | lpr -Pprinter-name

printer-name
/etc/printcap
lpr
file
!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234
"#$%&'()*+,-./012345
#$%&'()*+,-./0123456
$%&'()*+,-./01234567
%&'()*+,-./012345678

lptest 	 80 60
/usr/libexec/lpr/lpf
lpr 	 -t
lpr -d
lpr -v
lpf
lpf
/usr/share/examples/printing
/etc/printcap
lf
/dev/console
/etc/printcap
lpr -t
tf
if
/etc/printcap
filter-name
width
length
indent
login
host
acct-file
lpr -l
width
/etc/printcap
pw
length
pl
indent
lpr -i
login
host
acct-file
af
filter-name
pixel-width
pixel-height
login
host
acct-file
pixel-width
px
pixel-height
py
filter-name
width
length
/usr/libexec/lpr/lpf
%!
lprps
lprps
トナー残量少
紙詰まり
psif
textps
lprps
lprps
lprps
print/lprps-a4
print/lprps-letter
lprps
lprps
psif
lprps
/etc/printcap
:if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:

rw
lprps
#!/bin/sh
#
#  psif - Print PostScript or plain text on a PostScript printer
#  Script version; NOT the version that comes with lprps
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/psif
#

IFS="" read -r first_line
first_two_chars=`expr "$first_line" : '\(..\)'`

if [ "$first_two_chars" = "%!" ]; then
   #
   #  PostScript job, print it.
   #
   echo "$first_line" && cat && printf "\004" && exit 0
   exit 2
else
   #
   #  Plain text, convert it, then print it.
   #
   ( echo "$first_line"; cat ) | /usr/local/bin/textps && printf "\004" && exit 0
   exit 2
fi

textps
a2ps
print/ghostscript-gpl
gs
gs -h
#!/bin/sh
#
#  ifhp - Print Ghostscript-simulated PostScript on a DeskJet 500
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/ifhp

#
#  Treat LF as CR+LF (to avoid the "staircase effect" on HP/PCL
#  printers):
#
printf "\033&k2G" || exit 2

#
#  Read first two characters of the file
#
IFS="" read -r first_line
first_two_chars=`expr "$first_line" : '\(..\)'`

if [ "$first_two_chars" = "%!" ]; then
    #
    #  It is PostScript; use Ghostscript to scan-convert and print it.
    #
    /usr/local/bin/gs -dSAFER -dNOPAUSE -q -sDEVICE=djet500 \
      -sOutputFile=- - && exit 0

else
    #
    #  Plain text or HP/PCL, so just print it directly; print a form feed
    #  at the end to eject the last page.
    #
    echo "$first_line" && cat && printf "\033&l0H" &&
    exit 0
fi

exit 2

if
:if=/usr/local/libexec/ifhp:

lpr plain.text
lpr
whatever.ps
% dvips seaweed-analysis.dvi
% lpr seaweed-analysis.ps

% lpr -d seaweed-analysis.dvi

/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
lpr
/etc/printcap
lpr
cf
df
gf
nf
rf
tf
vf
if
lpr -d
/etc/printcap
df
gf
lpr 	 -g
/usr/local
/usr/local/libexec
/etc/printcap
bamboo
bamboo
df
/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose - added df filter for bamboo
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

/usr/local/libexec/psdf
#!/bin/sh
#
#  psdf - DVI to PostScript printer filter
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/psdf
#
#  Invoked by lpd when user runs lpr -d
#
exec /usr/local/bin/dvips -f | /usr/local/libexec/lprps "$@"

dvips
lprps
lprps
#!/bin/sh
#
#  hpvf - Convert GIF files into HP/PCL, then print
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpvf

PATH=/usr/X11R6/bin:$PATH; export PATH

giftopnm | ppmtopgm | pgmtopbm | pbmtolj -resolution 300 \
    && exit 0 \
    || exit 2

/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap for host orchid
#
teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif:\
        :vf=/usr/local/libexec/hpvf:

bamboo
#!/bin/sh
#
#  pstf - Convert groff's troff data into PS, then print.
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/pstf
#
exec grops | /usr/local/libexec/lprps "$@"

lprps
#!/bin/sh
#
#  pstf - Convert groff's troff data into PS, then print.
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/pstf
#
exec grops

/etc/printcap
:tf=/usr/local/libexec/pstf:

teak
#!/bin/sh
#
# hprf - FORTRAN text filter for LaserJet 3si:
# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hprf
#

printf "\033&k2G" && fpr && printf "\033&l0H" && exit 0
exit 2

/etc/printcap
teak
:rf=/usr/local/libexec/hprf:

teak
/etc/printcap
:df=/usr/local/libexec/hpdf:

dvi2xx
dvilj2p
dvilj2p
hpdf
dvilj2p
.dvi
/dev/fd/0
.dvi
/dev/fd/0
dvilj2p
/tmp
bin
daemon
/tmp
/etc/printcap
sd
/tmp
#!/bin/sh
#
#  hpdf - Print DVI data on HP/PCL printer
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpdf

PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH; export PATH

#
#  Define a function to clean up our temporary files.  These exist
#  in the current directory, which will be the spooling directory
#  for the printer.
#
cleanup() {
   rm -f hpdf$$.dvi
}

#
#  Define a function to handle fatal errors: print the given message
#  and exit 2.  Exiting with 2 tells LPD to do not try to reprint the
#  job.
#
fatal() {
    echo "$@" 1>&2
    cleanup
    exit 2
}

#
#  If user removes the job, LPD will send SIGINT, so trap SIGINT
#  (and a few other signals) to clean up after ourselves.
#
trap cleanup 1 2 15

#
#  Make sure we are not colliding with any existing files.
#
cleanup

#
#  Link the DVI input file to standard input (the file to print).
#
ln -s /dev/fd/0 hpdf$$.dvi || fatal "Cannot symlink /dev/fd/0"

#
#  Make LF = CR+LF
#
printf "\033&k2G" || fatal "Cannot initialize printer"

#
#  Convert and print.  Return value from dvilj2p does not seem to be
#  reliable, so we ignore it.

#
dvilj2p -M1 -q -e- dfhp$$.dvi

#
#  Clean up and exit
#
cleanup
exit 0

file
apsfilter
print/apsfilter
filter-name
width
length
width
pw
length
pl
SIGSTOP
SIGCONT
lpf
lpf
lpf
lpf
/usr/libexec/lpr/lpf
lpr 	 -i
lpr 	
-l
lpf
lpf
lpf
/etc/printcap
pw
pl
/etc/printcap
sh
sh
#!/bin/sh
#
#  hpof - Output filter for Hewlett Packard PCL-compatible printers
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpof

printf "\033&k2G" || exit 2
exec /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf

of
teak
/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap for host orchid
#
teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif:\
        :vf=/usr/local/libexec/hpvf:\
        :of=/usr/local/libexec/hpof:

teak
lpr
-h
/etc/printcap
ff
kelly
rose
      k                   ll       ll
      k                    l        l
      k                    l        l
      k   k     eeee       l        l     y    y
      k  k     e    e      l        l     y    y
      k k      eeeeee      l        l     y    y
      kk k     e           l        l     y    y
      k   k    e    e      l        l     y   yy
      k    k    eeee      lll      lll     yyy y
                                               y
                                          y    y
                                           yyyy

                                   ll
                          t         l        i
                          t         l
       oooo    u    u   ttttt       l       ii     n nnn     eeee
      o    o   u    u     t         l        i     nn   n   e    e
      o    o   u    u     t         l        i     n    n   eeeeee
      o    o   u    u     t         l        i     n    n   e
      o    o   u   uu     t  t      l        i     n    n   e    e
       oooo     uuu u      tt      lll      iii    n    n    eeee

      r rrr     oooo     ssss     eeee
      rr   r   o    o   s    s   e    e
      r        o    o    ss      eeeeee
      r        o    o      ss    e
      r        o    o   s    s   e    e
      r         oooo     ssss     eeee

                                              Job:  outline
                                              Date: Sun Sep 17 11:04:58 1995

/etc/printcap
sf
/etc/printcap
sb
rose:kelly  Job: outline  Date: Sun Sep 17 11:07:51 1995

/etc/printcap
hl
lpr -h
lpr 	 -h
lpr 	 -h
af
/etc/printcap
sh
lpr -h
#!/bin/sh
#
#  make-ps-header - make a PostScript header page on stdout
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/make-ps-header
#

#
#  These are PostScript units (72 to the inch).  Modify for A4 or
#  whatever size paper you are using:
#
page_width=612
page_height=792
border=72

#
#  Check arguments
#
if [ $# -ne 3 ]; then
    echo "Usage: `basename $0` <user> <host> <job>" 1>&2
    exit 1
fi

#
#  Save these, mostly for readability in the PostScript, below.
#
user=$1
host=$2
job=$3
date=`date`

#
#  Send the PostScript code to stdout.
#
exec cat <<EOF
%!PS

%
%  Make sure we do not interfere with user's job that will follow
%
save

%
%  Make a thick, unpleasant border around the edge of the paper.
%
$border $border moveto
$page_width $border 2 mul sub 0 rlineto
0 $page_height $border 2 mul sub rlineto
currentscreen 3 -1 roll pop 100 3 1 roll setscreen
$border 2 mul $page_width sub 0 rlineto closepath
0.8 setgray 10 setlinewidth stroke 0 setgray

%
%  Display user's login name, nice and large and prominent
%
/Helvetica-Bold findfont 64 scalefont setfont
$page_width ($user) stringwidth pop sub 2 div $page_height 200 sub moveto
($user) show

%
%  Now show the boring particulars
%
/Helvetica findfont 14 scalefont setfont
/y 200 def
[ (Job:) (Host:) (Date:) ] {
200 y moveto show /y y 18 sub def
} forall

/Helvetica-Bold findfont 14 scalefont setfont
/y 200 def
[ ($job) ($host) ($date) ] {
        270 y moveto show /y y 18 sub def
} forall

%
%  That is it
%
restore
showpage
EOF

#!/bin/sh
#
#  psdf - DVI to PostScript printer filter
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/psdf
#
#  Invoked by lpd when user runs lpr -d
#

orig_args="$@"

fail() {
    echo "$@" 1>&2
    exit 2
}

while getopts "x:y:n:h:" option; do
    case $option in
        x|y)  ;; # Ignore
        n)    login=$OPTARG ;;
        h)    host=$OPTARG ;;
        *)    echo "LPD started `basename $0` wrong." 1>&2
              exit 2
              ;;
    esac
done

[ "$login" ] || fail "No login name"
[ "$host" ] || fail "No host name"

( /usr/local/libexec/make-ps-header $login $host "DVI File"
  /usr/local/bin/dvips -f ) | eval /usr/local/libexec/lprps $orig_args

lpr
lpr -h
lprps
psof
psof
text
hpif
/etc/printcap
lp
:lp=:
sd
rm
rp
/etc/printcap
rose
bamboo
rattan
orchid
orchid
/etc/printcap
teak
rose
#
#  /etc/printcap for host orchid - added (remote) printers on rose
#

#
#  teak is local; it is connected directly to orchid:
#
teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/ifhp:\
        :vf=/usr/local/libexec/vfhp:\
        :of=/usr/local/libexec/ofhp:

#
#  rattan is connected to rose; send jobs for rattan to rose:
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :lp=:rm=rose:rp=rattan:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:

#
#  bamboo is connected to rose as well:
#
bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :lp=:rm=rose:rp=bamboo:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:

orchid
# mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo
# chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo
# chown daemon:daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo

orchid
rattan
bamboo
orchid
% lpr -P bamboo -d sushi-review.dvi

orchid
/var/spool/lpd/bamboo
rose
bamboo
rose
rose
bamboo
rose
/etc/printcap
netprint
netprint
#!/usr/bin/perl
#
#  netprint - Text filter for printer attached to network
#  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/netprint
#

$#ARGV eq 1 || die "Usage: $0 <printer-hostname> <port-number>";

$printer_host = $ARGV[0];
$printer_port = $ARGV[1];

require 'sys/socket.ph';

($ignore, $ignore, $protocol) = getprotobyname('tcp');
($ignore, $ignore, $ignore, $ignore, $address)
    = gethostbyname($printer_host);

$sockaddr = pack('S n a4 x8', &AF_INET, $printer_port, $address);

socket(PRINTER, &PF_INET, &SOCK_STREAM, $protocol)
    || die "Can't create TCP/IP stream socket: $!";
connect(PRINTER, $sockaddr) || die "Can't contact $printer_host: $!";
while (<STDIN>) { print PRINTER; }
exit 0;

scrivener
#!/bin/sh
#
#  diablo-if-net - Text filter for Diablo printer `scrivener' listening
#  on port 5100.  Installed in /usr/local/libexec/diablo-if-net
#

exec /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf "$@" | /usr/local/libexec/netprint scrivener 5100

lpr 	 -#5
/etc/printcap
sc
lpr: multiple copies are not allowed

/etc/printcap
sc
/etc/printcap
rose
rattan
bamboo
sc
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose - restrict multiple copies on bamboo
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

/etc/printcap
orchid
teak
#
#  /etc/printcap for host orchid - no multiple copies for local
#  printer teak or remote printer bamboo

teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:sc:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/ifhp:\
        :vf=/usr/local/libexec/vfhp:\
        :of=/usr/local/libexec/ofhp:

rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :lp=:rm=rose:rp=rattan:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :lp=:rm=rose:rp=bamboo:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:

sc
lpr
-#
% lpr forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign

/etc/printcap
rg
rg
root
lpr: Not a member of the restricted group

sc
rg
/etc/printcap
rattan
bamboo
artists
rose
/etc/printcap
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose - restricted group for bamboo
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

/etc/printcap
orchid
orchid
bamboo
orchid
mx
BUFSIZ
mx
mx
rattan
bamboo
artists
#
#  /etc/printcap for host rose
#

#
#  No limit on job size:
#
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:mx#0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:

#
#  Limit of five megabytes:
#
bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:mx#5000:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

/etc/printcap
mx
/etc/hosts.equiv
/etc/hosts.lpd
/etc/hosts.equiv
/etc/hosts.equiv
rose
/etc/hosts.lpd
orchid
violet
madrigal.fishbaum.de

rose
orchid
violet
madrigal.fishbaum.de
rose
/etc/hosts.equiv
minfree
minfree
bamboo
minfree
/etc/printcap
bamboo
bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:mx#5000:\
        :lp=/dev/ttyd5:ms#-parenb cs8 clocal crtscts:rw:mx#5000:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\
        :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf:

sd
# echo 6144 > /var/spool/lpd/bamboo/minfree

/etc/printcap
rs
rs
/usr/bin/false
lpf
/etc/printcap
af
pw
pl
lpf
lpf
2.00 rose:andy
3.00 rose:kelly
3.00 orchid:mary
5.00 orchid:mary
2.00 orchid:zhang

lpf
lpf
/etc/printcap
af=acct
acct
pac
  Login               pages/feet   runs    price
orchid:kelly                5.00    1   $  0.10
orchid:mary                31.00    3   $  0.62
orchid:zhang                9.00    1   $  0.18
rose:andy                   2.00    1   $  0.04
rose:kelly                177.00  104   $  3.54
rose:mary                  87.00   32   $  1.74
rose:root                  26.00   12   $  0.52

total                     337.00  154   $  6.74

printer
printer
/etc/printcap
af
alpha
smith
gamma
smith
price
/etc/printcap
pc
price
name
...
names
pac -m
  Login               pages/feet   runs    price
andy                        2.00    1   $  0.04
kelly                     182.00  105   $  3.64
mary                      118.00   35   $  2.36
root                       26.00   12   $  0.52
zhang                       9.00    1   $  0.18

total                     337.00  154   $  6.74

/etc/printcap
pc
# pac -p1.50

pac -s
_sum
lpf
lpf
dvilj
dvips
printer-name
/etc/printcap
PRINTER
PRINTER
lp
PRINTER
PRINTER
lp
% lpr filename ...

% lpr /etc/host.conf /etc/hosts.equiv

% lpr -P printer-name filename ...

rattan
% ls -l | lpr -P rattan

lpr
ls -l
% lpq -P bamboo

bamboo
lpq
bamboo is ready and printing
Rank   Owner    Job  Files                              Total Size
active kelly    9    /etc/host.conf, /etc/hosts.equiv   88 bytes
2nd    kelly    10   (standard input)                   1635 bytes
3rd    mary     11   ...                                78519 bytes

bamboo
active
mary
lpq -l
waiting for bamboo to become ready (offline ?)
kelly: 1st                               [job 009rose]
       /etc/host.conf                    73 bytes
       /etc/hosts.equiv                  15 bytes

kelly: 2nd                               [job 010rose]
       (standard input)                  1635 bytes

mary: 3rd                                [job 011rose]
      /home/orchid/mary/research/venus/alpha-regio/mapping 78519 bytes

% lprm job-number

bamboo
% lprm -P bamboo 10

user
user
rattan
% lprm -P rattan -

% lpr -P rattan myfile
% rlogin orchid
% lpq -P rattan
Rank   Owner      Job  Files                          Total Size
active seeyan     12    ...                           49123 bytes
2nd    kelly      13   myfile                         12 bytes
% lprm -P rattan 13
rose: Permission denied
% logout
% lprm -P rattan 13
dfA013rose dequeued
cfA013rose dequeued

bamboo
fish-report.dvi
% lpr -P bamboo -d fish-report.dvi

number
number
number
title
title
% zcat /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz | troff -t -man | lpr -t

copies
copies
parser.c
parser.h
% lpr -#3 parser.c parser.h

text
text
text
text
stdin
root
root
printer-name
printer-name
all
/etc/printcap
	 abort printer-name
	 clean printer-name
	 disable printer-name
root
root
enable
	 down printer-name 	
message
disable
stop
message
lpc status
	 enable printer-name
	 help command-name
command-name
command-name
	 restart printer-name
stop
down
restart
abort
start
	 start printer-name
	 stop printer-name
	 topq printer-name 	
job-or-username
printer-name
job
username
printer-name
all
	 up printer-name
down
start
enable
exit
quit
/usr/local/libexec/if-simple
#!/bin/sh
#
# if-simple - Simple text input filter for lpd
# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/if-simple
#
# Simply copies stdin to stdout.  Ignores all filter arguments.
# Writes a form feed character (\f) after printing job.

/bin/cat && printf "\f" && exit 0
exit 2

!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234
                 "#$%&'()*+,-./012345
                                 #$%&'()*+,-./0123456

ms#
/etc/printcap
onlcr
#!/bin/sh
#
# hpif - Simple text input filter for lpd for HP-PCL based printers
# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpif
#
# Simply copies stdin to stdout.  Ignores all filter arguments.
# Tells printer to treat LF as CR+LF.  Ejects the page when done.

printf "\033&k2G" && cat && printf "\f" && exit 0
exit 2

orchid
/etc/printcap
teak
#
#  /etc/printcap for host orchid
#
teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif:

if-simple
ms#
ixon
RTS/CTS
ms#
crtscts
br
ms#
/etc/printcap
/etc/printcap
lf
rattan
lf
rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\
        :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\
        :lp=/dev/lpt0:\
        :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:\
        :lf=/var/log/rattan.log

/var/log/rattan.log
lf
/dev/console
/proc
/proc
options LINUX
options COMPAT_LINUX
/etc/rc.conf
linux_enable=“YES”

/etc/rc.i386
# Start the Linux binary compatibility if requested.
#
case ${linux_enable} in
[Yy][Ee][Ss])
	echo -n ' linux';	linux > /dev/null 2>&1
	;;
esac

kldstat
% kldstat
Id Refs Address    Size     Name
 1    2 0xc0100000 16bdb8   kernel
 7    1 0xc24db000 d000     linux.ko

options LINUX
# cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_base
# make install distclean

/compat/linux
/lib/libc.so
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so
/lib/libc.so
ld.so
/compat/linux/lib
linux_base
ldd linuxdoom
% ldd linuxxdoom
libXt.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0
libX11.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0
libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29

/compat/linux
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3 -> libXt.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3 -> libX11.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29 /compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29

/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.27
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.27

ldd
libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) -> libc.so.4.6.29

/lib/libc.so.4.6.29
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29

% ./my-linux-elf-binary
ELF binary type not known
Abort

% brandelf -t Linux my-linux-elf-binary

/compat/linux/etc/host.conf
resolv+: "bind" is an invalid keyword resolv+:
"hosts" is an invalid keyword

order hosts, bind
multi on

/etc/hosts
/compat/linux/etc/host.conf
/etc/host.conf
/etc/resolv.conf
bind
Unix
# mount /cdrom
# cp -rp /cdrom/Unix/ /localdir/
# brandelf -t Linux /localdir/Files/SystemFiles/Kernel/Binaries/Linux/*
# brandelf -t Linux /localdir/Files/SystemFiles/FrontEnd/Binaries/Linux/*
# brandelf -t Linux /localdir/Files/SystemFiles/Installation/Binaries/Linux/*
# brandelf -t Linux /localdir/Files/SystemFiles/Graphics/Binaries/Linux/*
# brandelf -t Linux /localdir/Files/SystemFiles/Converters/Binaries/Linux/*
# brandelf -t Linux /localdir/Files/SystemFiles/LicenseManager/Binaries/Linux/mathlm
# cd /localdir/Installers/Linux/
# ./MathInstaller

# sysctl -w kern.fallback_elf_brand=3

mathinfo
# cd /localdir/Files/SystemFiles/Installation/Binaries/Linux
# mathinfo
disco.example.com 7115-70839-20412

/cdrom/Unix/Files/SystemFiles/Fonts
/usr/local/mathematica/SystemFiles/Fonts
Type1
X
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/
fonts.dir
mkfontdir
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/
# cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts
# mkdir X
# mkdir MathType1
# cd /cdrom/Unix/Files/SystemFiles/Fonts
# cp X/* /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/X
# cp Type1/* /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/MathType1
# cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/X
# mkfontdir
# cd ../MathType1
# mkfontdir

# xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/X
# xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/MathType1
# xset fp rehash

/etc/XF86Config
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1
MathType1
Type1
linux_base
linux_devtools
linux_base-6.1
linux_devtools-6.1
tcl-8.0.3-20.i386.rpm
# rpm -i --ignoreos --root /compat/linux --dbpath /var/lib/rpm package

SHMMAX
SHMMAX
SHMMAXPGS
PGSIZE
SHMMAXPGS
options SHMMAXPGS=10000
options SHMMNI=100
options SHMSEG=10
options SEMMNS=200
options SEMMNI=70
options SEMMSL=61

options SYSVSHM #SysV shared memory
options SYSVSEM #SysV semaphores
options SYSVMSG #SysV interprocess communication

/etc/shells
/compat/linux/bin/bash
ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID
LD_LIBRARY_PATH
$ORACLE_HOME/lib
CLASSPATH
$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/classes111.zip
PATH
/compat/linux/bin /compat/linux/sbin /compat/linux/usr/bin
/compat/linux/usr/sbin /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin
$ORACLE_HOME/bin
.profile
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle; export ORACLE_HOME
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
ORACLE_SID=ORCL; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=386x; export ORACLE_TERM
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/classes111.zip
export CLASSPATH
PATH=/compat/linux/bin:/compat/linux/sbin:/compat/linux/usr/bin:/compat/linux/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH

/var/tmp
.oracle
# cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib
# make -f ins_network.mk ntcontab.o
# cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib
# ar r libnetwork.a ntcontab.o
# cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib
# make -f ins_network.mk install

root.sh
root
root.sh
root.sh
orainst
*** orainst/root.sh.orig Tue Oct 6 21:57:33 1998
--- orainst/root.sh Mon Dec 28 15:58:53 1998
***************
*** 31,37 ****
# This is the default value for CHOWN
# It will redefined later in this script for those ports
# which have it conditionally defined in ss_install.h
! CHOWN=/bin/chown
#
# Define variables to be used in this script
--- 31,37 ----
# This is the default value for CHOWN
# It will redefined later in this script for those ports
# which have it conditionally defined in ss_install.h
! CHOWN=/usr/sbin/chown
#
# Define variables to be used in this script

root.sh
rthd.sh
orainst
*** bin/genclntsh.orig Wed Sep 30 07:37:19 1998
--- bin/genclntsh Tue Dec 22 15:36:49 1998
***************
*** 32,38 ****
#
# Explicit path to ensure that we're using the correct commands
#PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/ccs/bin export PATH
! PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin export PATH
#
# each product MUST provide a $PRODUCT/admin/shrept.lst
--- 32,38 ----
#
# Explicit path to ensure that we're using the correct commands
#PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/ccs/bin export PATH
! #PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin export PATH
#
# each product MUST provide a $PRODUCT/admin/shrept.lst

# dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0 
# dd if=mfsroot.flp of=/dev/fd0

root
# cp /etc/defaults/make.conf /etc/make.conf
# vi /etc/make.conf

/etc/make.conf
SUP_UPDATE=    yes
SUP=           /usr/local/bin/cvsup
SUPFLAGS=      -g -L 2
SUPHOST=       cvsup8.FreeBSD.org
SUPFILE=       /usr/share/examples/cvsup/stable-supfile 
PORTSSUPFILE=  /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile 
DOCSUPFILE=    /usr/share/examples/cvsup/doc-supfile

/usr/share/examples/cvsup
# cd /usr/src
# make update

# cd /usr/src
# make world

# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
# cp GENERIC TROUBADIX
# vi TROUBADIX

LINT
# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
# config TROUBADIX
# cd /usr/src/sys/compile/TROUBADIX
# make depend
# make
# make install

make install
# cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_base
# make package

# cd /usr/ports/devel/linux_devtools
# make package

# rpm -i --ignoreos --root /compat/linux --dbpath /var/lib/rpm <package_name>

# rpm -i --ignoreos --nodeps --root /compat/linux --dbpath /var/lib/rpm pam-0.68-7.i386.rpm

tcl-8.0.5-30.i386.rpm
# ln -s /compat/linux/oracle /oracle
# ln -s /compat/linux/sapmnt /sapmnt
# ln -s /compat/linux/usr/sap /usr/sap

dba
oper
dba
adduser
Name: idsadm            <sid>adm
Password: ******
Fullname: SAP IDES Administrator
Uid: 1000
Gid: 101 (sapsys)
Class:
Groups: sapsys dba
HOME: /home/idsadm      /home/<sid>adm
Shell: /bin/sh

Name: oraids          ora<sid> 
Password: ****** 
Fullname: Oracle IDES Administrator 
Uid: 1002 
Gid: 100 (dba) 
Class: 
Groups: dba 
HOME: /oracle/IDS     /oracle/<sid> 
Shell: /bin/sh

dba
oper
oper
root
# chmod 775 /oracle
# chmod 777 /sapmnt
# chown root:dba /oracle
# chown idsadm:sapsys /compat/linux/usr/sap
# chmow 775 /compat/linux/usr/sap

# su - oraids
# mkdir mirrlogA mirrlogB origlogA origlogB
# mkdir sapdata1 sapdata2 sapdata3 sapdata4 sapdata5 sapdata6
# mkdir saparch sapreorg
# exit

# su - idsadm
# cd /usr/sap
# mkdir IDS
# mkdir trans
# exit

/etc/services
sapdp00  3200/tcp # SAP Dispatcher.      3200 + インスタンス番号
sapgw00  3300/tcp # SAP Gateway.         3300 + インスタンス番号
sapsp00  3400/tcp #                      3400 + インスタンス番号
sapms00  3500/tcp #                      3500 + インスタンス番号
sapmsIDS 3600/tcp # SAP Message Server.  3600 + インスタンス番号

de_DE.ISO-8859-1
en_US.ISO-8859-1

# Set these for memory pigs (SAP and Oracle):
options MAXDSIZ="(1024*1024*1024)"
options DFLDSIZ="(1024*1024*1024)" # System V options needed.
options SYSVSHM #SYSV-style shared memory
options SHMMAXPGS=262144 #max amount of shared mem. pages
options SHMMNI=256 #max number of shared memory ident if.
options SHMSEG=100 #max shared mem.segs per process
options SYSVMSG #SYSV-style message queues 
options MSGSEG=32767 #max num. of mes.segments in system 
options MSGSSZ=32 #size of msg-seg. MUST be power of 2
options MSGMNB=65535 #max char. per message queue
options MSGTQL=2046 #max amount of msgs in system
options SYSVSEM #SYSV-style semaphores 
options SEMMNU=256 #number of semaphore UNDO structures
options SEMMNS=1024 #number of semaphores in system
options SEMMNI=520 #number of semaphore indentifiers
options SEMUME=100 #number of UNDO keys

/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/<cd-name>

# mount_cd9660 -g /dev/cd0a /mnt
# cp -R /mnt/* /oracle/IDS/sapreorg/<cd-name>
# umount /mnt

# cd /oracle/IDS/sapreorg
# mkdir install
# cd install

/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/KERNEL/UNIX/INSTTOOL.SH
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/oracle/IDS/lib:/sapmnt/IDS/exe:/oracle/805_32/lib

# cd /oracle/IDS/sapreorg/install
# ./R3SETUP -f CENTRDB.R3S

LABEL.ASC
CENTRDB.R3S
compat-libs-5.2-2.i386.rpm
compat-glibc-5.2-2.0.7.2.i386.rpm
compat-egcs-5.2-1.0.3a.1.i386.rpm
compat-egcs-c++-5.2-1.0.3a.1.i386.rpm
compat-binutils-5.2-2.9.1.0.23.1.i386.rpm
tcl-8.0.3-20.i386.rpm
tcl-8.0.5-30.i386.rpm
# su - oraids
# export TERM=xterm
# export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
# export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/IDS
# cd /ORACLE_HOME/orainst_sap
# ./orainst

gcc
egcs
i386-redhat-linux-gcc
i386-glibc20-linux-gcc
.profile
.login
.cshrc
hostname
hostname
hostname -s
umask 0; lsnrctl start

idsadm
saplicense
# /sapmnt/IDS/exe/saplicense -get

saplicense
# /sapmnt/IDS/exe/saplicense -install

SAP SYSTEM ID   = <SID, 3 chars>
CUSTOMER KEY    = <hardware key, 11 chars>
INSTALLATION NO = <installation, 10 digits>
EXPIRATION DATE = <yyyymmdd, usually "99991231">
LICENSE KEY     = <license key, 24 chars>

sap*
ddic
wartung
service
sap*
ddic
/oracle/IDS/dbs/initIDS.sap
sapdba
brbackup
compress = hardware
archive_function = copy_delete_save
cpio_flags = "-ov --format=newc --block-size=128 --quiet"
cpio_in_flags = "-iuv --block-size=128 --quiet"
tape_size = 38000M
tape_address = /dev/nsa0
tape_address_rew = /dev/sa0

HOME=/home/idsadm (was empty)
STATUS=OK (had status ERROR)

# ./R3SETUP -f CENTRDB.R3S

STATUS=OK

# ./R3SETUP -f CENTRDB.R3S

Sat May 5 14:23:14 2001
*** ERROR => no valid userarea given [trgmsgo. 0401]
Sat May 5 14:23:22 2001
*** ERROR => ERROR NR 24 occured [trgmsgi. 0410]
*** ERROR => Error when generating text environment. [trgmsgi. 0435]
*** ERROR => function failed [trgmsgi. 0447]
*** ERROR => no socket operation allowed [trxio.c 3363]
Speicherzugriffsfehler

abap/set_etct_env_at_new_mode =0
install/collate/active =0
rscp/TCP0B =TCP0B

oraids
# umask 0; lsnrctl start

/usr/sap/IDS/SYS/...
/usr/sap/IDS/DVMGS00

/usr/sap//SYS/...
/usr/sap/D00i

# pwd
/compat/linux/usr/sap
# ls -l
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 3  idsadm sapsys 512 May 5 11:20 D00
drwxr-x--x 5  idsadm sapsys 512 May 5 11:35 IDS
lrwxr-xr-x 1  root   sapsys 7 May 5 11:35 SYS -> IDS/SYS
drwxrwxr-x 2  idsadm sapsys 512 May 5 13:00 tmp
drwxrwxr-x 11 idsadm sapsys 512 May 4 14:20 trans

CENTRDB.R3S
CENTRDB.R3S
<199906020108.SAA07001@usr09.primenet.com>
#!
:\n
#!
Linux
# brandelf -t Linux file

Linux
Linux
proc
sysent[]
sysent[]
proc
union
/compat/linux/original-path
/original-path
/compat/linux
proc
sysent[]
rc.conf
/usr/local/etc/rc.d
/etc
sysctl
/usr
/var
/usr
/var
/var
/var
/var/tmp
/usr
/usr/local
/usr/src
/usr
/usr
/usr
Auto-defaults
/var
/usr
/var
/var/tmp
/var
/etc/rc.conf
rc*
/etc/defaults/rc.conf
rc.conf
/etc
rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf.site
/etc/rc.conf
rc.conf
	. rc.conf.site
	hostname="node15.example.com"
	network_interfaces="fxp0 lo0"
	ifconfig_fxp0="inet 10.1.1.1"

	defaultrouter="10.1.1.254"
	saver="daemon"
	blanktime="100"

rc.conf.site
rsync
rc.conf
make world
rc.conf
/usr/local/etc
/usr/local/etc/apache
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2184 May 20  1998 access.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2184 May 20  1998 access.conf.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   9555 May 20  1998 httpd.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   9555 May 20  1998 httpd.conf.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel  12205 May 20  1998 magic
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel  12205 May 20  1998 magic.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2700 May 20  1998 mime.types
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   2700 May 20  1998 mime.types.default
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   7980 May 20  1998 srm.conf
-rw-r--r--  1 root  wheel   7933 May 20  1998 srm.conf.default

srm.conf
/usr/local/etc/rc.d
root
root
/usr/local/etc/rc.d
#!/bin/sh
echo -n ' FooBar'

case "$1" in
start)
        /usr/local/bin/foobar
        ;;
stop)
        kill -9 `cat /var/run/foobar.pid`
        ;;
*)
        echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop}" >&2
        exit 64
        ;;
esac

exit 0

/etc/inetd.conf
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/rc.local
/etc/rc.local
rc.local
/etc/rc.conf
/usr/local/etc/rc.d
crontab
@reboot
/etc/rc.conf
fxp0
ifconfig_fxp0_alias0="inet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"

fxp0
 ifconfig_fxp0="inet 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
 ifconfig_fxp0_alias0="inet 10.1.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.255"
 ifconfig_fxp0_alias1="inet 10.1.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.255"
 ifconfig_fxp0_alias2="inet 10.1.1.4 netmask 255.255.255.255"
 ifconfig_fxp0_alias3="inet 10.1.1.5 netmask 255.255.255.255"
 ifconfig_fxp0_alias4="inet 202.0.75.17 netmask 255.255.255.240"
 ifconfig_fxp0_alias5="inet 202.0.75.18 netmask 255.255.255.255"
 ifconfig_fxp0_alias6="inet 202.0.75.19 netmask 255.255.255.255"
 ifconfig_fxp0_alias7="inet 202.0.75.20 netmask 255.255.255.255"

/etc
/etc
/etc/defaults
/etc/mail
/etc/ppp
/etc/namedb
/var/db
/usr/local/etc
/usr/local/etc/rc.d
/var/db
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/resolv.conf
resolv.conf
nameserver
search
domain
resolv.conf
search example.com
nameserver 147.11.1.11
nameserver 147.11.100.30

search
domain
resolv.conf
/etc/hosts
/etc/hosts
/etc/hosts
# $FreeBSD$
#
# Host Database
# This file should contain the addresses and aliases
# for local hosts that share this file.
# In the presence of the domain name service or NIS, this file may
# not be consulted at all; see /etc/nsswitch.conf for the resolution order.
#
#
::1                     localhost localhost.my.domain myname.my.domain
127.0.0.1               localhost localhost.my.domain myname.my.domain

#
# Imaginary network.
#10.0.0.2               myname.my.domain myname
#10.0.0.3               myfriend.my.domain myfriend
#
# According to RFC 1918, you can use the following IP networks for
# private nets which will never be connected to the Internet:
#
#       10.0.0.0        -   10.255.255.255
#       172.16.0.0      -   172.31.255.255
#       192.168.0.0     -   192.168.255.255
#
# In case you want to be able to connect to the Internet, you need
# real official assigned numbers.  PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE do not try
# to invent your own network numbers but instead get one from your
# network provider (if any) or from the Internet Registry (ftp to
# rs.internic.net, directory `/templates').
#

/etc/hosts
[インターネットアドレス] [正式なホスト名] [別名1] [別名2] ...

10.0.0.1 myRealHostname.example.com myRealHostname foobar1 foobar2

syslog.conf
syslog.conf
syslog
# $FreeBSD$
#
#       Spaces ARE valid field separators in this file. However,
#       other *nix-like systems still insist on using tabs as field
#       separators. If you are sharing this file between systems, you
#       may want to use only tabs as field separators here.
#       Consult the syslog.conf(5) manual page.
*.err;kern.debug;auth.notice;mail.crit          /dev/console
*.notice;kern.debug;lpr.info;mail.crit;news.err /var/log/messages
security.*                                      /var/log/security
mail.info                                       /var/log/maillog
lpr.info                                        /var/log/lpd-errs
cron.*                                          /var/log/cron
*.err                                           root
*.notice;news.err                               root
*.alert                                         root
*.emerg                                         *
# uncomment this to log all writes to /dev/console to /var/log/console.log
#console.info                                   /var/log/console.log
# uncomment this to enable logging of all log messages to /var/log/all.log
#*.*                                            /var/log/all.log
# uncomment this to enable logging to a remote log host named loghost
#*.*                                            @loghost
# uncomment these if you're running inn
# news.crit                                     /var/log/news/news.crit
# news.err                                      /var/log/news/news.err
# news.notice                                   /var/log/news/news.notice
!startslip
*.*                                             /var/log/slip.log
!ppp
*.*                                             /var/log/ppp.log

newsyslog.conf
newsyslog.conf
logfile
logfile.0
logfile.0
logfile.1
logfile.0.gz
logfile.1.gz
newsyslog.conf
# configuration file for newsyslog
# $FreeBSD$
#
# filename          [owner:group]    mode count size when [ZB] [/pid_file] [sig_num]
/var/log/cron                           600  3     100  *     Z
/var/log/amd.log                        644  7     100  *     Z
/var/log/kerberos.log                   644  7     100  *     Z
/var/log/lpd-errs                       644  7     100  *     Z
/var/log/maillog                        644  7     *    @T00  Z
/var/log/sendmail.st                    644  10    *    168   B
/var/log/messages                       644  5     100  *     Z
/var/log/all.log                        600  7     *    @T00  Z
/var/log/slip.log                       600  3     100  *     Z
/var/log/ppp.log                        600  3     100  *     Z
/var/log/security                       600  10    100  *     Z
/var/log/wtmp                           644  3     *    @01T05 B
/var/log/daily.log                      640  7     *    @T00  Z
/var/log/weekly.log                     640  5     1    $W6D0 Z
/var/log/monthly.log                    640  12    *    $M1D0 Z
/var/log/console.log                    640  5     100  *     Z

sysctl.conf
sysctl.conf
rc.conf
変数=値
sysctl.conf
kern.logsigexit=0       # Do not log fatal signal exits (e.g. sig 11)
compat.linux.osname=FreeBSD
compat.linux.osrelease=4.3-STABLE

% sysctl -a

% sysctl kern.maxproc
kern.maxproc: 1044

変数
値
# sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000
kern.maxfiles: 2088 -> 5000

1
0
# tunefs -n enable /filesystem
# tunefs -n disable /filesystem

-U
make installworld
file: table is full
dmesg
0
/boot/mbr
/boot/boot0
boot0
0x55AA
boot0
F1 DOS
F2 FreeBSD
F3 Linux
F4 ??
F5 Drive 1

Default: F2

# fdisk -B -b /boot/boot0 device

device
ad0
ad2
da0
/etc/lilo.conf
other=/dev/hdXY
table=/dev/hdX
loader=/boot/chain.b
label=FreeBSD

X
Y
/dev/hd
/dev/sd
/sbin/lilo -v
/boot/boot1
/boot/boot2
/boot/boot
/boot/boot
boot1
boot2
boot2
boot2
boot2
boot2
>> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT
Default: 0:ad(0,a)/boot/loader
boot:

boot1
boot2
# bsdlabel -B diskslice

diskslice
ad0s1
ad0
/boot/loader
/boot/loader
/boot/loader.rc
/boot/defaults/loader.conf
/boot/loader.conf
loader.rc
seconds
seconds
-options
kernelname
unload
kernel
topic
/boot/loader.help
topic
index
topic
filename
type
filename
path
path
path
filename
variable
variable
value
boot -s

unload
load kernel.old

kernel.GENERIC
kernel.old
unload
set kernel="kernel.old"
boot-conf

load -t userconfig_script /boot/kernel.conf

set
unset
show
/boot/device.hints
/boot/device.hints
hint.driver.unit.keyword="value"

set hint.driver.unit.keyword=value

driver
unit
keyword
at
port
irq
drq
maddr
flags
disabled
1
/sbin/init
loader
init_path
loader
boot_single
/etc/ttys
console
insecure
root
/etc/ttys
# name  getty                           type    status          comments
#
# If console is marked "insecure", then init will ask for the root password
# when going to single-user mode.
#
# 訳) console に "insecure" という印をつけると、シングルユーザモードへ移行する
# 際に init が root のパスワードを要求するようになります。
#
console none                            unknown off insecure

insecure
root
secure
insecure
/etc/defaults/rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/fstab
/etc/rc.shutdown
TERM
KILL
shutdown
-p now
shutdown -r now
root
operator
root
root
daemon
operator
bind
news
httpd
nobody
nobody
passwd
group
/usr/share/skel
adduser -s
-config_create
# adduser -v
Use option ``-silent'' if you don't want to see all warnings and questions.
Check /etc/shells
Check /etc/master.passwd
Check /etc/group
Enter your default shell: csh date no sh tcsh [sh]: tcsh
Your default shell is: tcsh -> /usr/local/bin/tcsh
Enter your default HOME partition: [/home]:
Copy dotfiles from: /usr/share/skel no [/usr/share/skel]: 
Send message from file: /etc/adduser.message no 
[/etc/adduser.message]: no
Do not send message
Use passwords (y/n) [y]: y

Write your changes to /etc/adduser.conf? (y/n) [n]: y

Ok, let's go.
Don't worry about mistakes. I will give you the chance later to correct any input.
Enter username [a-z0-9_-]: jru
Enter full name []: J. Random User
Enter shell csh date no sh tcsh [tcsh]: 
Enter home directory (full path) [/home/jru]: 
Uid [1001]: 
Enter login class: default []: 
Login group jru [jru]: 
Login group is ``jru''. Invite jru into other groups: guest no 
[no]: wheel
Enter password []: 
Enter password again []: 

Name:	  jru
Password: ****
Fullname: J. Random User
Uid:	  1007
Gid:	  1007 (jru)
Class:	  
Groups:	  jru wheel
HOME:     /home/jru
Shell:	  /usr/local/bin/tcsh
OK? (y/n) [y]: y
Added user ``jru''
Copy files from /usr/share/skel to /home/jru
Add another user? (y/n) [y]: n
Goodbye!
#

wheel
jru
adduser
/var/mail
/tmp
/etc/group
# rmuser jru
Matching password entry:
jru:*:1000:1000::0:0:J. Random User:/home/jru:/usr/local/bin/tcsh
Is this the entry you wish to remove? y
Remove user's home directory (/home/jru)? y
Updating password file, updating databases, done.
Updating group file: trusted (removing group jru -- personal group is empty) done.
Removing user's incoming mail file /var/mail/jru: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /tmp: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp: done.
Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp/vi.recover: done.
#

#Changing user database information for jru.
Login: jru
Password: *
Uid [#]: 1000
Gid [# or name]: 1000
Change [month day year]:
Expire [month day year]:
Class:
Home directory: /home/jru
Shell: /usr/local/bin/tcsh
Full Name: J. Random User
Office Location:
Office Phone:
Home Phone:
Other information:

#Changing user database information for jru.
Shell: /usr/local/bin/tcsh
Full Name: J. Random User
Office Location:
Office Phone:
Home Phone:
Other information:

chfn
chsh
ypchpass
ypchfn
ypchsh
yp
% passwd
Changing local password for jru.
Old password:
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: updating the database...
passwd: done

# passwd jru
Changing local password for jru.
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: updating the database...
passwd: done

yppasswd
passwd
yp
schg
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
root
/etc/ttys
telnet
rlogin
root
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin
NO
root
root
root
root
/etc/group
wheel
wheel
su
root
wheel
wheel
staff
/etc/group
wheel
root
wheel
root
.k5login
wheel
root
wheel
root
wheel
root
*
/etc/master.passwd
foobar:R9DT/Fa1/LV9U:1000:1000::0:0:Foo Bar:/home/foobar:/usr/local/bin/tcsh

foobar:*:1000:1000::0:0:Foo Bar:/home/foobar:/usr/local/bin/tcsh

*
root
root
root
/etc/defaults/rc.conf
root
root
/bin
/sbin
/usr/bin
/usr/sbin
root
Xlib
root
chmod 000
/dev/kmem
kmem
tty
*
/etc/spwd.db
root
root
bpf
bpf
bpf
/dev/mem
/dev/kmem
bpf
sysctl
schg
chflags
schg
schg
/
/usr
/
/usr
schg
chflags
/etc
/usr/local/etc
/
/usr
scp
scp
.rhosts
.shosts
.ssh/authorized_keys
MD5
nodev
nosuid
MaxDaemonChildren
sendmail -bd
sendmail -q15m
MaxDaemonChildren
root
sysctl
sysctl -a | fgrep 	portrange
sysctl
netstat -rna | fgrep W3
root
authorized_keys
from=IP/DOMAIN
libcrypt.a
libcrypt.a
/etc/master.passwd
$1$
$2$
$
/etc/login.conf
key
opiekey
keyinit
opiepasswd
key
opiekey
keyinit
opiepasswd
key
key
opiekey
keyinit
opiepasswd
keyinfo
opieinfo
/etc/skeykeys
/etc/opiekeys
keyinit
opiepasswd
keyinit
opiepasswd
key
opiekey
key
opiekey
key
opiekey
keyinit
% keyinit
Adding unfurl:
Reminder - Only use this method if you are directly connected.
If you are using telnet or rlogin exit with no password and use keyinit -s.
        ) `keyinit' コマンドが出力する注意です。訳すと、
        ) 注意 - この動作モードはマシンに直接入力しているときのみ利用
        ) すること。もし今 telnet や rlogin を使っているなら、秘密のパ
        ) スフレーズを入力せずにこのままコマンドを終了し、かわりに
        ) keyinit -s を実行すること。
Enter secret password: 
Again secret password: 

ID unfurl s/key is 99 to17757
DEFY CLUB PRO NASH LACE SOFT

opiepasswd
% opiepasswd -c
[grimreaper] ~ $ opiepasswd -f -c
Adding unfurl:
Only use this method from the console; NEVER from remote. If you are using
telnet, xterm, or a dial-in, type ^C now or exit with no password.
Then run opiepasswd without the -c parameter.
        ) `opiepasswd' コマンドが出力する注意です。訳すと、
        ) この手順はコンソール以外では利用しないでください。リモートからは
        ) 絶対に利用してはいけません。telnet, xterm またはダイアルアップで
        ) 利用している場合は、^C を入力するかパスワードを入れずに終了してく
        ) ださい。その後、opiepasswd を -c オプションなしで実行してください。
Using MD5 to compute responses.
Enter new secret pass phrase:
Again new secret pass phrase:
ID unfurl OTP key is 499 to4268
MOS MALL GOAT ARM AVID COED

keyinit
key
opiekey
keyinit -s
% keyinit -s
Updating unfurl:
Old key: to17758
Reminder you need the 6 English words from the key command.
	) `keyinit' コマンドが出力する注意です。訳すと、
	) 注意 - skey コマンドの出力する 6 英単語が必要になります。
Enter sequence count from 1 to 9999: 100
Enter new key [default to17759]: 
s/key 100 to 17759
s/key access password:
s/key access password:CURE MIKE BANE HIM RACY GORE

opiepasswd
% opiepasswd

Updating unfurl:
You need the response from an OTP generator.
	) `opiepasswd' コマンドが出力する注意です。訳すと、
	) OTP 生成器の返す出力が必要になります。
Old secret pass phrase:
        otp-md5 498 to4268 ext
        Response: GAME GAG WELT OUT DOWN CHAT
New secret pass phrase:
        otp-md5 499 to4269
        Response: LINE PAP MILK NELL BUOY TROY

ID mark OTP key is 499 gr4269
LINE PAP MILK NELL BUOY TROY

keyinit
key
% key 100 to17759
Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin.
Enter secret password: <秘密のパスフレーズ>
CURE MIKE BANE HIM RACY GORE

% opiekey 498 to4268
Using the MD5 algorithm to compute response.
Reminder: Don't use opiekey from telnet or dial-in sessions.
Enter secret pass phrase:
GAME GAG WELT OUT DOWN CHAT

% telnet example.com
Trying 10.0.0.1...
Connected to example.com
Escape character is '^]'.

FreeBSD/i386 (example.com) (ttypa)

login: <ユーザ名>
s/key 97 fw13894
Password:

% telnet example.com
Trying 10.0.0.1...
Connected to example.com
Escape character is '^]'.

FreeBSD/i386 (example.com) (ttypa)

login: <username>
otp-md5 498 gr4269 ext
Password:

key
opiekey
% key 97 fw13894
Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin.
Enter secret password: 
WELD LIP ACTS ENDS ME HAAG

% opiekey 498 to4268
Using the MD5 algorithm to compute response.
Reminder: Don't use opiekey from telnet or dial-in sessions.
Enter secret pass phrase:
GAME GAG WELT OUT DOWN CHAT

login: <username>
s/key 97 fw13894
Password: <return to enable echo>
s/key 97 fw13894
Password [echo on]: WELD LIP ACTS ENDS ME HAAG
Last login: Tue Mar 21 11:56:41 from 10.0.0.2 ...

key
% key -n 5 30 zz99999
Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin.
Enter secret password: <秘密のパスフレーズ>
26: SODA RUDE LEA LIND BUDD SILT
27: JILT SPY DUTY GLOW COWL ROT
28: THEM OW COLA RUNT BONG SCOT
29: COT MASH BARR BRIM NAN FLAG
30: CAN KNEE CAST NAME FOLK BILK

lpr
/etc/skey.access
/etc/skey.access
skey.access
permit internet 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0
permit user fnord
permit port ttyd0

permit internet
permit user
fnord
key
permit port
security/krb5
/etc/kerberosIV
# cd /etc/kerberosIV
# ls
README          krb.conf        krb.realms

principal.*
master_key
kdb_destroy
krb.conf
krb.realms
EXAMPLE.COM
grunt.example.com
krb.conf
# cat krb.conf
EXAMPLE.COM
EXAMPLE.COM grunt.example.com admin server
CS.BERKELEY.EDU okeeffe.berkeley.edu
ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos.mit.edu
ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-1.mit.edu
ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-2.mit.edu
ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-3.mit.edu
LCS.MIT.EDU kerberos.lcs.mit.edu
TELECOM.MIT.EDU bitsy.mit.edu
ARC.NASA.GOV trident.arc.nasa.gov

admin 	server
EXAMPLE.COM
grunt.example.com
.example.com
krb.realms
# cat krb.realms
grunt.example.com EXAMPLE.COM
.example.com EXAMPLE.COM
.berkeley.edu CS.BERKELEY.EDU
.MIT.EDU ATHENA.MIT.EDU
.mit.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU

kdb_init
# kdb_init
Realm name [default  ATHENA.MIT.EDU ]: EXAMPLE.COM
You will be prompted for the database Master Password.
It is important that you NOT FORGET this password.

Enter Kerberos master key:

kstash
# kstash

Enter Kerberos master key: 

Current Kerberos master key version is 1.

Master key entered.  BEWARE!

/etc/kerberosIV/master_key
kpasswd
rcmd
kpasswd
rcmd
rcp
rlogin
rsh
# kdb_edit
Opening database...

Enter Kerberos master key: 

Current Kerberos master key version is 1.

Master key entered.  BEWARE!
Previous or default values are in [brackets] ,
enter return to leave the same, or new value.

Principal name: passwd
Instance: grunt

<Not found>, Create [y] ? y

Principal: passwd, Instance: grunt, kdc_key_ver: 1
New Password:                    <---- ここは「RANDOM」と入力してください
Verifying password

New Password:                    <---- ここは「RANDOM」と入力してください

Random password [y] ? y

Principal's new key version = 1
Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? 
Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? 
Attributes [ 0 ] ? 
Edit O.K.
Principal name: rcmd
Instance: grunt

<Not found>, Create [y] ?

Principal: rcmd, Instance: grunt, kdc_key_ver: 1
New Password:                    <---- ここは「RANDOM」と入力してください
Verifying password

New Password:                    <---- ここは「RANDOM」と入力してください

Random password [y] ? 

Principal's new key version = 1
Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? 
Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? 
Attributes [ 0 ] ? 
Edit O.K.
Principal name:                  <---- 何も入力しないと終了します

ext_srvtab
/etc/kerberosIV
# ext_srvtab grunt

Enter Kerberos master key: 

Current Kerberos master key version is 1.

Master key entered.  BEWARE!
Generating 'grunt-new-srvtab'....

srvtab
mv
# mv grunt-new-srvtab srvtab

	 client-new-srvtab
/etc/kerberosIV
srvtab
# mv grumble-new-srvtab srvtab
# chmod 600 srvtab

jane
kdb_edit
# kdb_edit
Opening database...

Enter Kerberos master key: 

Current Kerberos master key version is 1.

Master key entered.  BEWARE!
Previous or default values are in [brackets] ,
enter return to leave the same, or new value.

Principal name: jane
Instance:

<Not found>, Create [y] ? y

Principal: jane, Instance: , kdc_key_ver: 1
New Password:                    <---- 安全なパスワードを入れてください
Verifying password

New Password:                    <---- もう一度パスワードを入れてください

Principal's new key version = 1
Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? 
Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? 
Attributes [ 0 ] ? 
Edit O.K.
Principal name:                  <---- 何も入力しないと終了します

/etc/rc.conf
/etc/kerberosIV
# kerberos &
Kerberos server starting
Sleep forever on error
Log file is /var/log/kerberos.log
Current Kerberos master key version is 1.

Master key entered.  BEWARE!

Current Kerberos master key version is 1
Local realm: EXAMPLE.COM
# kadmind -n &
KADM Server KADM0.0A initializing
Please do not use 'kill -9' to kill this job, use a
regular kill instead

Current Kerberos master key version is 1.

Master key entered.  BEWARE!

jane
kinit
% kinit jane
MIT Project Athena (grunt.example.com)
Kerberos Initialization for "jane"
Password:

klist
% klist
Ticket file:    /tmp/tkt245
Principal:      jane@EXAMPLE.COM

  Issued           Expires          Principal
Apr 30 11:23:22  Apr 30 19:23:22  krbtgt.EXAMPLE.COM@EXAMPLE.COM

passwd
% passwd
realm EXAMPLE.COM
Old password for jane:
New Password for jane:
Verifying password
New Password for jane:
Password changed.

su
root
su
root
su
root
kdb_edit
jane.root
# kdb_edit
Opening database...

Enter Kerberos master key: 

Current Kerberos master key version is 1.

Master key entered.  BEWARE!
Previous or default values are in [brackets] ,
enter return to leave the same, or new value.

Principal name: jane
Instance: root

<Not found>, Create [y] ? y

Principal: jane, Instance: root, kdc_key_ver: 1
New Password:                    <---- 安全なパスワードを入れます
Verifying password

New Password:                    <---- もう一回パスワードを入れます

Principal's new key version = 1
Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? 
Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? 12 <--- ここは短くしてください
Attributes [ 0 ] ? 
Edit O.K.
Principal name:                  <---- 何も入力しないと終了します

# kinit jane.root
MIT Project Athena (grunt.example.com)
Kerberos Initialization for "jane.root"
Password:

root
.klogin
# cat /root/.klogin
jane.root@EXAMPLE.COM

su
% su
Password:

# klist
Ticket file:	/tmp/tkt_root_245
Principal:      jane.root@EXAMPLE.COM

  Issued           Expires          Principal
May  2 20:43:12  May  3 04:43:12  krbtgt.EXAMPLE.COM@EXAMPLE.COM

jane
root
<username>.
root
<principal>.<instance>
root
.klogin
<username>
root
su
# cat /root/.klogin
jane.root@EXAMPLE.COM

.klogin
% cat ~/.klogin
jane@EXAMPLE.COM
jack@EXAMPLE.COM

jane
jack
kinit
EXAMPLE.COM
rlogin
rsh
rcp
grunt
jane
jane
% kinit
MIT Project Athena (grunt.example.com)
Password: 
% rlogin grunt
Last login: Mon May  1 21:14:47 from grumble
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
	The Regents of the University of California.   All rights reserved.

FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995

jane
.klogin
% kinit
% rlogin grunt -l jane
MIT Project Athena (grunt.example.com)
Password: 
Last login: Mon May  1 21:16:55 from grumble
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
	The Regents of the University of California.   All rights reserved.

FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995

options IPFIREWALL
	 options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE
	 options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=10
# ipfw zero 4500

IPFIREWALL_ACCT
ipfw
IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE
log
pass
accept
address/mask
port
address/mask
port
interface
port
ed0
ppp*
address/mask
address

address/mask-bits

address:mask-pattern

mask-bits
192.216.222.1/24
192.216.222
mask-pattern
any
port
port
port
port
port
spec
spec
ssrr
lsrr
rr
ts
!
flags
flags
fin
syn
rst
psh
ack
urg
!
types
types
0
3
5
8
11
ipfw
ipfw
ipfw
index
index
index
evil.crackers.org
nice.people.org
# ipfw add deny tcp from evil.crackers.org to nice.people.org 23

crackers.org
nice.people.org
# ipfw add deny log tcp from evil.crackers.org/24 to nice.people.org

# ipfw add deny tcp from any to my.org/28 6000 setup

# ipfw -a list

# ipfw -a l

# ipfw -at l

accept
/var/log
/etc/rc.conf.local
/etc/rc.conf
ipfw list
rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf.local
/etc/rc.conf
xhost 	 +
ip_fw_chk
# ipfw add deny tcp from any to any 55555

allow ip from any to any
# ipfw add deny ip from 1.2.3.4 to 1.2.3.4

allow ip from any to any
established
allow tcp
ipfw -a l
/etc/make.conf
MAKE_IDEA
make world
src-crypto
src-secure
options          IPSEC              #IP security
options          IPSEC_ESP          #IP security (crypto; define w/IPSEC)

10.2.3.4
10.6.7.8
	           (1)
	ホスト A ------> ホスト B

	(1)PROTO=AH
		ALG=MD5(RFC1826)
		KEY=MYSECRETMYSECRET
		SPI=1000

	           (2.1)
	ホスト A <------ ホスト B
	         <------
	           (2.2)

	(2.1)
	PROTO=AH
		ALG=new-HMAC-SHA1(new AH)
		KEY=KAMEKAMEKAMEKAMEKAME
		SPI=2000

	(2.2)
	PROTO=ESP
		ALG=new-DES-expIV(new ESP)
			IV length = 8
		KEY=PASSWORD
		SPI=3000

# setkey -c
    add 10.2.3.4 10.6.7.8 ah-old  1000 -m transport -A keyed-md5 "MYSECRETMYSECRET" ;
    add 10.6.7.8 10.2.3.4 ah  2000 -m transport -A hmac-sha1 "KAMEKAMEKAMEKAMEKAME" ;
    add 10.6.7.8 10.2.3.4 esp 3000 -m transport -E des-cbc "PASSWORD" ;
    ^D

A で:

# setkey -c
    spdadd 10.2.3.4 10.6.7.8 any -P out ipsec
	ah/transport/10.2.3.4-10.6.7.8/require ;
    ^D

B で:

# setkey -c
    spdadd 10.6.7.8 10.2.3.4 any -P out ipsec
	esp/transport/10.6.7.8-10.2.3.4/require ;
    spdadd 10.6.7.8 10.2.3.4 any -P out ipsec
	ah/transport/10.6.7.8-10.2.3.4/require ;
    ^D

  ホスト A -------------------------------------> ホスト B
  10.2.3.4                                       10.6.7.8
          |                                     |
          ========== old AH keyed-md5 ==========>

          <========= new AH hmac-sha1 ===========
          <========= new ESP des-cbc ============

              ============ ESP ============
              |                           |
          ホスト-A                      ホスト-B
          fec0::10 -------------------- fec0::11

# setkey -c <<EOF
    spdadd fec0::10[any] fec0::11[110] tcp -P out ipsec
	esp/transport/fec0::10-fec0::11/use ;
    spdadd fec0::11[110] fec0::10[any] tcp -P in ipsec
	esp/transport/fec0::11-fec0::10/use ;
    add fec0::10 fec0::11 esp 0x10001
	-m transport
	-E blowfish-cbc "kamekame"
	-A hmac-sha1 "this is the test key" ;
    add fec0::11 fec0::10 esp 0x10002
	-m transport
	-E blowfish-cbc "kamekame"
	-A hmac-sha1 "this is the test key" ;
    EOF

# setkey -c <<EOF
    spdadd fec0::11[110] fec0::10[any] tcp -P out ipsec
	esp/transport/fec0::11-fec0::10/use ;
    spdadd fec0::10[any] fec0::11[110] tcp -P in ipsec
	esp/transport/fec0::10-fec0::11/use ;
    add fec0::10 fec0::11 esp 0x10001 -m transport
	-E blowfish-cbc "kamekame"
	-A hmac-sha1 "this is the test key" ;
    add fec0::11 fec0::10 esp 0x10002 -m transport
	-E blowfish-cbc "kamekame"
	-A hmac-sha1 "this is the test key" ;
    EOF

                             ======= AH =======
                             |                |
     ネットワーク-A   ゲートウェイ-A    ゲートウェイ-B   ネットワーク-B
        10.0.1.0/24 ---- 172.16.0.1 ----- 172.16.0.2 ---- 10.0.2.0/24

# setkey -c <<EOF
    spdadd 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24 any -P out ipsec
	ah/tunnel/172.16.0.1-172.16.0.2/require ;
    spdadd 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.1.0/24 any -P in ipsec
	ah/tunnel/172.16.0.2-172.16.0.1/require ;
    add 172.16.0.1 172.16.0.2 ah-old 0x10003 -m any
	-A keyed-md5 "this is the test" ;
    add 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.1 ah-old 0x10004 -m any
	-A keyed-md5 "this is the test" ;

EOF

[any]
-m
-m any
# setkey -c <<EOF
    spdadd 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.1.0/24 any -P out ipsec
	ah/tunnel/172.16.0.2-172.16.0.1/require ;
    spdadd 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24 any -P in ipsec
	ah/tunnel/172.16.0.1-172.16.0.2/require ;
    add 172.16.0.1 172.16.0.2 ah-old 0x10003 -m any
	-A keyed-md5 "this is the test" ;
    add 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.1 ah-old 0x10004 -m any
	-A keyed-md5 "this is the test" ;

EOF

                            ========== AH =========
                            |  ======= ESP =====  |
                            |  |               |  |
    ネットワーク-A     ゲートウェイ-A     ゲートウェイ-B     ネットワーク-B
    fec0:0:0:1::/64 --- fec0:0:0:1::1 ---- fec0:0:0:2::1 --- fec0:0:0:2::/64

# setkey -c <<EOF
    spdadd fec0:0:0:1::/64 fec0:0:0:2::/64 any -P out ipsec
	esp/tunnel/fec0:0:0:1::1-fec0:0:0:2::1/require
	ah/transport/fec0:0:0:1::1-fec0:0:0:2::1/require ;
    spdadd fec0:0:0:2::/64 fec0:0:0:1::/64 any -P in ipsec
	esp/tunnel/fec0:0:0:2::1-fec0:0:0:1::1/require
	ah/transport/fec0:0:0:2::1-fec0:0:0:1::1/require ;
    add fec0:0:0:1::1 fec0:0:0:2::1 esp 0x10001 -m tunnel
	-E 3des-cbc "kamekame12341234kame1234"
	-A hmac-sha1 "this is the test key" ;
    add fec0:0:0:1::1 fec0:0:0:2::1 ah 0x10001 -m transport
	-A hmac-md5 "this is the test" ;
    add fec0:0:0:2::1 fec0:0:0:1::1 esp 0x10001 -m tunnel
	-E 3des-cbc "kamekame12341234kame1234"
	-A hmac-sha1 "this is the test key" ;
    add fec0:0:0:2::1 fec0:0:0:1::1 ah 0x10001 -m transport
	-A hmac-md5 "this is the test" ;

    EOF

              ================== ESP =================
              |  ======= ESP =======                 |
              |  |                 |                 |
            ホスト-A        ゲートウェイ-A         ホスト-B
          fec0:0:0:1::1 ---- fec0:0:0:2::1 ---- fec0:0:0:2::2

# setkey -c <<EOF
    spdadd fec0:0:0:1::1[any] fec0:0:0:2::2[80] tcp -P out ipsec
	esp/transport/fec0:0:0:1::1-fec0:0:0:2::2/use
	esp/tunnel/fec0:0:0:1::1-fec0:0:0:2::1/require ;
    spdadd fec0:0:0:2::1[80] fec0:0:0:1::1[any] tcp -P in ipsec
	esp/transport/fec0:0:0:2::2-fec0:0:0:l::1/use
	esp/tunnel/fec0:0:0:2::1-fec0:0:0:1::1/require ;
    add fec0:0:0:1::1 fec0:0:0:2::2 esp 0x10001
	-m transport
	-E cast128-cbc "12341234"
	-A hmac-sha1 "this is the test key" ;
    add fec0:0:0:1::1 fec0:0:0:2::1 esp 0x10002
	-E rc5-cbc "kamekame"
	-A hmac-md5 "this is the test" ;
    add fec0:0:0:2::2 fec0:0:0:1::1 esp 0x10003
	-m transport
	-E cast128-cbc "12341234"
	-A hmac-sha1 "this is the test key" ;
    add fec0:0:0:2::1 fec0:0:0:1::1 esp 0x10004
	-E rc5-cbc "kamekame"
	-A hmac-md5 "this is the test" ;

    EOF

rlogin
rsh
rcp
telnet
rc.conf
sshd_enable="YES"

# ssh user@example.com
Host key not found from the list of known hosts.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Host 'example.com' added to the list of known hosts.
user@example.com's password: *******

rlogin
telnet
yes
~/.ssh/known_hosts
~/.ssh/known_hosts2
ssh
scp
rcp
# scp user@example.com:/COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT
user@example.com's password: *******
COPYRIGHT            100% |*****************************|  4735
00:00
#

scp
scp
cp
/etc/ssh
ssh_config
sshd_config
rc.conf
/usr/sbin/sshd
% ssh-keygen
Initializing random number generator...
Generating p:  .++ (distance 66)
Generating q:  ..............................++ (distance 498)
Computing the keys...
Key generation complete.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user/.ssh/identity):
Enter passphrase:
Enter the same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/user/.ssh/identity.
...

~/.ssh/identity
~/.ssh/identity.pub
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh-keygen -d
ssh-keygen -t dsa
~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
~/.ssh/id_dsa
~/.ssh/authorized_keys2
% ssh -2 -N -f -L 5023:localhost:23 user@foo.example.com
%

ssh
ssh
ssh
localport:remotehost:remoteport
localhost
localhost
5023
localhost
23
23
% ssh -2 -N -f -L 5025:localhost:25 user@mailserver.example.com

user@mailserver.example.com's password: *****
% telnet localhost 5025
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mailserver.example.com ESMTP

% ssh -2 -N -f -L 2110:mail.example.com:110 user@ssh-server.example.com
user@ssh-server.example.com's password: ******

localhost
mail.example.com
% ssh -2 -N -f -L 8888:music.example.com:8000 user@unfirewalled.myserver.com
user@unfirewalled.myserver.com's password: *******

localhost
music.example.com
ad
acd
da
cd
mcd
scd
matcd
fd
sa
ast
fla
aacd
mlxd
mlyd
amrd
idad
twed
root
/var/run/dmesg.boot
da1
/1
wd1
ad1
fdisk
/dev/da1s1e
e
/dev/da1e
sysinstall
root
su
/stand/sysinstall
Configure
FreeBSD Configuration Menu
Fdisk
YES
None
Label
Disk Label
Editor
a
h
a
/
a
b
c
e
FS
/mnt
/etc/fstab
W
/etc/fstab
fdisk
専用モード
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da1 bs=1k count=1
# fdisk -BI da1 # 新しいディスクの初期化
# disklabel -B -w -r da1s1 auto # ディスクにラベルを付ける
# disklabel -e da1s1 # 作成したディスクラベルを編集し、パーティションを追加する
# mkdir -p /1
# newfs /dev/da1s1e # 作成したすべてのパーティションに対してこれを繰り返す
# mount /dev/da1s1e /1 # パーティションをマウントする
# vi /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab に適切なエントリを追加する

da
ad
ad
wd
専用
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da1 bs=1k count=1
# disklabel -Brw da1 auto
# disklabel -e da1 # `e' パーティションの作成
# newfs -d0 /dev/da1e
# mkdir -p /1
# vi /etc/fstab # /dev/da1e エントリの追加
# mount /1

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da1 count=2
# disklabel /dev/da1 | disklabel -BrR da1 /dev/stdin
# newfs /dev/da1e
# mkdir -p /1
# vi /etc/fstab # /dev/da1e エントリの追加
# mount /1

ad0: 19574MB <WDC WD205BA> [39770/16/63] at ata0-master UDMA33
ad1: 29333MB <WDC WD307AA> [59598/16/63] at ata0-slave UDMA33
ad2: 29333MB <WDC WD307AA> [59598/16/63] at ata1-master UDMA33
ad3: 29333MB <WDC WD307AA> [59598/16/63] at ata1-slave UDMA33

pseudo-device   ccd     4

device   ccd

disklabel -r -w ad1 auto
disklabel -r -w ad2 auto
disklabel -r -w ad3 auto

ad1c
ad2c
ad3c
disklabel -e ad1
disklabel -e ad2
disklabel -e ad3

EDITOR
8 partitions:
#        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
  c: 60074784        0    unused        0     0     0   # (Cyl.    0 - 59597)

e
c
8 partitions:
#        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
  c: 60074784        0    unused        0     0     0   # (Cyl.    0 - 59597)
  e: 60074784        0    4.2BSD        0     0     0   # (Cyl.    0 - 59597)

ccd0c
cd /dev
sh MAKEDEV ccd0

/dev
MAKEDEV
ccdconfig ccd0 32 0 /dev/ad1e /dev/ad2e /dev/ad3e

/dev/ccd0c
/dev/
newfs /dev/ccd0c

/etc/ccd.conf
ccdconfig -g > /etc/ccd.conf

/etc/ccd.conf
/etc/rc
ccdconfig -C
ccdconfig -C

/etc/fstab
/dev/ccd0c              /media       ufs     rw      2       2

/var/log/messages
ad6 on monster1 suffered a hard error.
ad6: READ command timeout tag=0 serv=0 - resetting
ad6: trying fallback to PIO mode
ata3: resetting devices .. done
ad6: hard error reading fsbn 1116119 of 0-7 (ad6 bn 1116119; cn 1107 tn 4 sn 11) status=59 error=40
ar0: WARNING - mirror lost

# atacontrol list
ATA channel 0:
	Master:      no device present
	Slave:   acd0 <HL-DT-ST CD-ROM GCR-8520B/1.00> ATA/ATAPI rev 0

ATA channel 1:
	Master:      no device present
	Slave:       no device present

ATA channel 2:
	Master:  ad4 <MAXTOR 6L080J4/A93.0500> ATA/ATAPI rev 5
	Slave:       no device present

ATA channel 3:
	Master:  ad6 <MAXTOR 6L080J4/A93.0500> ATA/ATAPI rev 5
	Slave:       no device present

# atacontrol status ar0
ar0: ATA RAID1 subdisks: ad4 ad6 status: DEGRADED

# atacontrol detach 3

# atacontrol attach 3
Master:  ad6 <MAXTOR 6L080J4/A93.0500> ATA/ATAPI rev 5
Slave:   no device present

# atacontrol rebuild ar0

n
# dmesg | tail -10
[output removed]
ad6: removed from configuration
ad6: deleted from ar0 disk1
ad6: inserted into ar0 disk1 as spare

# atacontrol status ar0
ar0: ATA RAID1 subdisks: ad4 ad6 status: REBUILDING 0% completed

sysutils/mkisofs
sysutils/mkisofs
burncd
sysutils/cdrecord
cdrecord
burncd
cdrecord
sysutils/mkisofs
# mkisofs -o imagefile.iso /path/to/tree

/path/to/tree
imagefile.iso
/tmp/myboot
/tmp/myboot/boot/cdboot
/tmp/bootable.iso
# mkisofs -U -R -b boot/cdboot -o /tmp/bootable.iso /tmp/myboot

vn
md
# vnconfig -e vn0c /tmp/bootable.iso
# mount -t cd9660 /dev/vn0c /mnt

# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /tmp/bootable.iso -u 0
# mount -t cd9660 /dev/md0 /mnt

/mnt
/tmp/myboot
sysutils/mkisofs
burncd
burncd
/usr/sbin/burncd
# burncd -f cddevice data imagefile.iso fixate

imagefile.iso
cddevice
/dev/acd0c
cdrecord
cdrecord
sysutils/cdrtools
cdrecord
burncd
# cdrecord dev=device imagefile.iso

cdrecord
cdrecord
# cdrecord -scanbus
Cdrecord 1.9 (i386-unknown-freebsd4.2) Copyright (C) 1995-2000 Jörg Schilling
Using libscg version 'schily-0.1'
scsibus0:
        0,0,0     0) 'SEAGATE ' 'ST39236LW       ' '0004' Disk
        0,1,0     1) 'SEAGATE ' 'ST39173W        ' '5958' Disk
        0,2,0     2) *
        0,3,0     3) 'iomega  ' 'jaz 1GB         ' 'J.86' Removable Disk
        0,4,0     4) 'NEC     ' 'CD-ROM DRIVE:466' '1.26' Removable CD-ROM
        0,5,0     5) *
        0,6,0     6) *
        0,7,0     7) *
scsibus1:
        1,0,0   100) *
        1,1,0   101) *
        1,2,0   102) *
        1,3,0   103) *
        1,4,0   104) *
        1,5,0   105) 'YAMAHA  ' 'CRW4260         ' '1.0q' Removable CD-ROM
        1,6,0   106) 'ARTEC   ' 'AM12S           ' '1.06' Scanner
        1,7,0   107) *

cdda2wav
% cdda2wav -v255 -D2,0 -B -Owav

cdrecord
.wav
% cdrecord -v dev=2,0 -dao -useinfo  *.wav

2.0
/dev/acddtnn
d
nn
/dev/acd0t01
/dev/acd0t02
/dev/acd0t03
/dev
# cd /dev
# sh MAKEDEV acd0t99

/dev
MAKEDEV
# dd if=/dev/acd0t01 of=track1.cdr bs=2352
# dd if=/dev/acd0t02 of=track2.cdr bs=2352
...

burncd
burncd
# burncd -f /dev/acd0c audio track1.cdr track2.cdr ... fixate

sysutils/mkisofs
acd0
c
# dd if=/dev/acd0c of=file.iso bs=2048

ufs
# mount /dev/cd0c /mnt

Incorrect super block
UFS
ISO9660
/dev/cd0c
/mnt
# mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt

/dev/cd0c
# mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt

sysutils/cd9660_unicode
Device not
configured
options SCSI_DELAY=15000

# burncd -f /dev/acd1c -s 12 data archive.tar.gz fixate

# tar xzvf /dev/acd1c

sysutils/mkisofs
sysutils/cdrdao
device atapicam
device scbus
device cd
device pass

device ata
device atapicd

acd0: CD-RW <MATSHITA CD-RW/DVD-ROM UJDA740> at ata1-master PIO4
cd0 at ata1 bus 0 target 0 lun 0
cd0: <MATSHITA CDRW/DVD UJDA740 1.00> Removable CD-ROM SCSI-0 device
cd0: 16.000MB/s transfers
cd0: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present - tray closed

/dev/cd0
/mnt
# mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt

root
# camcontrol devlist
<MATSHITA CDRW/DVD UJDA740 1.00>   at scbus1 target 0 lun 0 (pass0,cd0)

1,0,0
/dev
/dev/fdN
/dev/fdNX
N
X
/dev/fdN
/dev/fdN.size
size
/dev
# cd /dev && ./MAKEDEV "fd*"

/dev
MAKEDEV
/dev/fdN.size
# /usr/sbin/fdformat /dev/fd0.1440

/dev/fdN
# /usr/sbin/fdformat -f 1440 /dev/fd0

/etc/disktab
# /sbin/disklabel -B -r -w /dev/fd0 fd1440

# /sbin/newfs_msdos /dev/fd0

emulators/mtools
sa0(ncr1:4:0): NOT READY asc:4,1
sa0(ncr1:4:0):  Logical unit is in process of becoming ready

mt fsf 1
dump
dump
DUMP: End of tape
detected
HARDWARE FAILURE info:280 asc:80,96
mt rewind
root
# tar Mcvf /dev/fd0 *

Prepare volume #2 for /dev/fd0 and hit return:

# tar Mxvf /dev/fd0

# tar Mxvf /dev/fd0 filename

dump
restore
dump
dump
dump
/home
/usr
dump
rdump
rrestore
rcmd
ruserok
.rhosts
rdump
rrestore
komodo
rdump
# /sbin/rdump 0dsbfu 54000 13000 126 komodo:/dev/nsa8 /dev/da0a 2>&1

.rhosts
ssh
dump
restore
dump
# /sbin/dump -0uan -f - /usr | gzip -2 | ssh1 -c blowfish \
          targetuser@targetmachine.example.com dd of=/mybigfiles/dump-usr-l0.gz

RSH
dump
RSH
dump
# RSH=/usr/bin/ssh /sbin/dump -0uan -f targetuser@targetmachine.example.com:/dev/sa0

tar
tar
tar
tar
cpio
tar
tar
rdump
komodo
tar
# /usr/bin/tar cf komodo:/dev/nsa8 . 2>&1

rsh
# tar cf - . | rsh hostname dd of=tape-device obs=20b

rsh
ssh
cpio
cpio
cpio
cpio
stdin
cpio
rsh
# for f in directory_list; do
find $f >> backup.list
done
# cpio -v -o --format=newc < backup.list | ssh user@host "cat > backup_device"

directory_list
user
host
backup_device
/dev/nsa0
pax
tar
cpio
tar
cpio
pax
cpio
tar
tar
cpio
/usr/obj
dump
/etc/fstab
disklabel da0 | lpr
boot.flp
fixit.flp
fdisk
disklabel
newfs
mount
dump
restore
boot.flp
fixit.flp
tar xvf /dev/sa0
tar cvf /dev/sa0
#!/bin/sh
#
# create a restore floppy
#
# format the floppy
#
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

fdformat -q fd0
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
then
	 echo "Bad floppy, please use a new one"
	 exit 1
fi

# place boot blocks on the floppy
#
disklabel -w -B /dev/fd0c fd1440

#
# newfs the one and only partition
#
newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -c 40 -i 5120 -m 5 -o space /dev/fd0a

#
# mount the new floppy
#
mount /dev/fd0a /mnt

#
# create required directories
#
mkdir /mnt/dev
mkdir /mnt/bin
mkdir /mnt/sbin
mkdir /mnt/etc
mkdir /mnt/root
mkdir /mnt/mnt			# for the root partition
mkdir /mnt/tmp
mkdir /mnt/var

#
# populate the directories
#
if [ ! -x /sys/compile/MINI/kernel ]
then
	 cat << EOM
The MINI kernel does not exist, please create one.
Here is an example config file:
#
# MINI -- A kernel to get FreeBSD onto a disk.
#
machine         "i386"
cpu             "I486_CPU"
ident           MINI
maxusers        5

options         INET                    # needed for _tcp _icmpstat _ipstat
                                        #            _udpstat _tcpstat _udb
options         FFS                     #Berkeley Fast File System
options         FAT_CURSOR              #block cursor in syscons or pccons
options         SCSI_DELAY=15           #Be pessimistic about Joe SCSI device
options         NCONS=2                 #1 virtual consoles
options         USERCONFIG              #Allow user configuration with -c XXX

config          kernel	root on da0 swap on da0 and da1 dumps on da0

device          isa0
device          pci0

device          fdc0	at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 vector fdintr
device          fd0	at fdc0 drive 0

device          ncr0

device          scbus0

device          sc0	at isa? port "IO_KBD" tty irq 1 vector scintr
device          npx0	at isa? port "IO_NPX" irq 13 vector npxintr

device          da0
device          da1
device          da2

device          sa0

pseudo-device   loop            # required by INET
pseudo-device   gzip            # Exec gzipped a.out's
EOM
	 exit 1
fi

cp -f /sys/compile/MINI/kernel /mnt

gzip -c -best /sbin/init > /mnt/sbin/init
gzip -c -best /sbin/fsck > /mnt/sbin/fsck
gzip -c -best /sbin/mount > /mnt/sbin/mount
gzip -c -best /sbin/halt > /mnt/sbin/halt
gzip -c -best /sbin/restore > /mnt/sbin/restore

gzip -c -best /bin/sh > /mnt/bin/sh
gzip -c -best /bin/sync > /mnt/bin/sync

cp /root/.profile /mnt/root

cp -f /dev/MAKEDEV /mnt/dev
chmod 755 /mnt/dev/MAKEDEV

chmod 500 /mnt/sbin/init
chmod 555 /mnt/sbin/fsck /mnt/sbin/mount /mnt/sbin/halt
chmod 555 /mnt/bin/sh /mnt/bin/sync
chmod 6555 /mnt/sbin/restore

#
# create the devices nodes
#
cd /mnt/dev
./MAKEDEV std
./MAKEDEV da0
./MAKEDEV da1
./MAKEDEV da2
./MAKEDEV sa0
./MAKEDEV pty0
cd /

#
# create minimum file system table
#
cat > /mnt/etc/fstab <<EOM
/dev/fd0a    /    ufs    rw  1  1
EOM

#
# create minimum passwd file
#
cat > /mnt/etc/passwd <<EOM
root:*:0:0:Charlie &:/root:/bin/sh
EOM

cat > /mnt/etc/master.passwd <<EOM
root::0:0::0:0:Charlie &:/root:/bin/sh
EOM

chmod 600 /mnt/etc/master.passwd
chmod 644 /mnt/etc/passwd
/usr/sbin/pwd_mkdb -d/mnt/etc /mnt/etc/master.passwd

#
# umount the floppy and inform the user
#
/sbin/umount /mnt
echo "The floppy has been unmounted and is now ready."

-s
boot.flp
fixit.flp
boot.flp
Fixit--Repair mode with CDROM or floppy.
fixit.flp
restore
/mnt2/stand
mount
mount /dev/da0a /mnt
disklabel
newfs
mount
-u -o rw /mnt
restore vrf
/dev/sa0
umount /mnt
pseudo-device vn

# vnconfig vn0 diskimage
# mount /dev/vn0c /mnt

vnconfig
# dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k
5120+0 records in
5120+0 records out
# vnconfig -s labels -c vn0 newimage
# disklabel -r -w vn0 auto
# newfs vn0c
Warning: 2048 sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated
/dev/vn0c:     10240 sectors in 3 cylinders of 1 tracks, 4096 sectors
        5.0MB in 1 cyl groups (16 c/g, 32.00MB/g, 1280 i/g)
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
 32
# mount /dev/vn0c /mnt
# df /mnt
Filesystem  1K-blocks     Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/vn0c        4927        1     4532     0%    /mnt

device md

mdconfig
# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f diskimage -u 0
# mount /dev/md0c /mnt

mdconfig
# dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k
5120+0 records in
5120+0 records out
# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f newimage -u 0
# disklabel -r -w md0 auto
# newfs md0c
/dev/md0c: 5.0MB (10240 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048
	using 4 cylinder groups of 1.27MB, 81 blks, 256 inodes.
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
 32, 2624, 5216, 7808
# mount /dev/md0c /mnt
# df /mnt
Filesystem  1K-blocks     Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/md0c        4846        2     4458     0%    /mnt

md4
mdmfs
# dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k
5120+0 records in
5120+0 records out
# mdmfs -F newimage -s 5m md0 /mnt
# df /mnt
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/md0        4846    2  4458     0%    /mnt

# dd if=newimage of=/dev/md0
5120+0 records in
5120+0 records out
# mount /dev/md0c /mnt
# df /mnt
Filesystem  1K-blocks     Used    Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/md0c        4927        1     4532     0%    /mnt

mdconfig
# mdconfig -a -t malloc -s 5m -u 1
# newfs -U md1
/dev/md1: 5.0MB (10240 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048
	using 4 cylinder groups of 1.27MB, 81 blks, 256 inodes.
	with soft updates
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
 32, 2624, 5216, 7808
# mount /dev/md1 /mnt
# df /mnt
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/md1        4846    2  4458     0%    /mnt

mdmfs
# mdmfs -M -s 5m md2 /mnt
# df /mnt
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/md2        4846    2  4458     0%    /mnt

/dev/md4
# mdconfig -d -u 4

mdconfig -l
/dev/vn4
# vnconfig -u vn4

root
/var
/var/snapshot/snap
# mount -u -o snapshot /var/snapshot/snap /var

# mksnap_ffs /var /var/snapshot/snap

/var/snapshot/snap
# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /var/snapshot/snap -u 4
# mount -r /dev/md4 /mnt

/mnt
/var
# umount /mnt
# mdconfig -d -u 4

options QUOTA

GENERIC
/etc/rc.conf
enable_quotas="YES"

/etc/rc.conf
check_quotas="NO"

/etc/rc.conf
check_quotas="YES"

/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
/dev/da1s2g   /home    ufs rw,userquota 1 2

/dev/da1s2g    /home    ufs rw,userquota,groupquota 1 2

quota.user
quota.group
/etc/rc
/etc/fstab
# quota -v

EDITOR
EDITOR
# edquota -u test

Quotas for user test:
/usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)
        inodes in use: 7, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60)
/usr/var: blocks in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)
        inodes in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60)

/usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)

 /usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 500, hard = 600)

edquota -p protouser startuid-enduid
test
# edquota -p test 10000-19999

quota -v
Disk quotas for user test (uid 1002):
     Filesystem  blocks   quota   limit   grace   files   quota   limit   grace
           /usr      65*     50      75   5days       7      50      60
       /usr/var       0      50      75               0      50      60

/usr
*
/usr/var
/etc/inetd.conf
rpc.rquotad
rquotad/1      dgram rpc/udp wait root /usr/libexec/rpc.rquotad rpc.rquotad

inetd
# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`

root
root
% su -
Password:

# uname -r
5.0-RELEASE

options GEOM_BDE
/private
/home
/var/mail
/dev/ad4s1c
/dev/ad0s1*
# ls /dev/ad*
/dev/ad0        /dev/ad0s1b     /dev/ad0s1e     /dev/ad4s1
/dev/ad0s1      /dev/ad0s1c     /dev/ad0s1f     /dev/ad4s1c
/dev/ad0s1a     /dev/ad0s1d     /dev/ad4

# mkdir /etc/gbde

# gbde init /dev/ad4s1c -i -L /etc/gbde/ad4s1c

$FreeBSD: src/sbin/gbde/template.txt,v 1.1 2002/10/20 11:16:13 phk Exp $
#
# Sector size is the smallest unit of data which can be read or written.
# Making it too small decreases performance and decreases available space.
# Making it too large may prevent filesystems from working.  512 is the
# minimum and always safe.  For UFS, use the fragment size
#
sector_size     =       2048
[...]

gbde init
/etc/gbde/ad4s1c
# gbde attach /dev/ad4s1c -l /etc/gbde/ad4s1c

/dev
/dev/device_name.bde
# ls /dev/ad*
/dev/ad0        /dev/ad0s1b     /dev/ad0s1e     /dev/ad4s1
/dev/ad0s1      /dev/ad0s1c     /dev/ad0s1f     /dev/ad4s1c
/dev/ad0s1a     /dev/ad0s1d     /dev/ad4        /dev/ad4s1c.bde

# newfs -U -O2 /dev/ad4s1c.bde

*.bde
# mkdir /private

# mount /dev/ad4s1c.bde /private

% df -H
Filesystem        Size   Used  Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1a      1037M    72M   883M     8%    /
/devfs            1.0K   1.0K     0B   100%    /dev
/dev/ad0s1f       8.1G    55K   7.5G     0%    /home
/dev/ad0s1e      1037M   1.1M   953M     0%    /tmp
/dev/ad0s1d       6.1G   1.9G   3.7G    35%    /usr
/dev/ad4s1c.bde   150G   4.1K   138G     0%    /private

root
# gbde attach /dev/ad4s1c -l /etc/gbde/ad4s1c

/etc/fstab
# fsck -p -t ffs /dev/ad4s1c.bde

# mount /dev/ad4s1c.bde /private

*.bde
# gbde detach /dev/ad4s1c

言語コード_国コード.エンコーディング

I18N
LANG
~/.login_conf
~/.profile
~/.bashrc
~/.cshrc
LC_CTYPE
LC_CTIME
LANG
MM_CHARSET
.login_conf
me:\
	:charset=ISO-8859-1:\
	:lang=de_DE.ISO8859-1:

.login_conf
#Users who do not wish to use monetary units or time formats
#of Taiwan can manually change each variable
me:\
	:lang=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:lc_all=zh_TW.Big:\
	:lc_collate=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:lc_ctype=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:lc_messages=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:lc_monetary=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:lc_numeric=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:lc_time=zh_TW.Big5:\
	:charset=big5:\
	:xmodifiers="@im=xcin": #Setting the XIM Input Server

/etc/login.conf
/etc/login.conf
language_name:accounts_title:\
	:charset=MIME_charset:\
	:lang=locale_name:\
	:tc=default:

german:German Users Accounts:\
	:charset=ISO-8859-1:\
	:lang=de_DE.ISO8859-1:\
	:tc=default:

/etc/login.conf
# cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf

vipw
user:password:1111:11:language:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh

adduser
/etc/adduser.conf
defaultclass = language
default
Enter login class: default []:

# adduser -class language

# pw useradd user_name -L language

/etc/profile
/etc/csh.login
/etc/profile
LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG
MM_CHARSET=ISO-8859-1; export MM_CHARSET

/etc/csh.login
setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1
setenv MM_CHARSET ISO-8859-1

/usr/share/skel/dot.profile
/etc/profile
/usr/share/skel/dot.login
/etc/csh.login
$HOME/.xinitrc
LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG

setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1

/etc/rc.conf
font8x16=フォント名
font8x14=フォント名
font8x8=フォント名

フォント名
/usr/share/syscons/fonts
.fnt
sysinstall
/stand/sysinstall
/etc/rc.conf
scrnmap=スクリーンマップ名
keymap=キーマップ名
keychange="ファンクションキー番号の並び"

スクリーンマップ名
/usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps
.scm
/etc/rc.conf
moused_enable="YES"

/etc/rc.conf
mousechar_start=3

キーマップ名
/usr/share/syscons/keymaps
.kbd
keychange
/etc/ttys
ttyv*
cons25l1
cons25l2
cons25l7
cons25r
cons25u
cons25
cons25w
/usr/ports/language
chinese/big5con
japanese/kon2-16dot
japanese/mule-freewnn
korean/han
~/.Xresources
x11-servers/xorg-server
x11-servers/XFree86-4-Server
Makefile
Makefile
~/.login_conf
me:My Account:\
	:charset=KOI8-R:\
	:lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:

/etc/rc.conf
mousechar_start=3

/etc/rc.conf
keymap="ru.koi8-r"
scrnmap="koi8-r2cp866"
font8x16="cp866b-8x16"
font8x14="cp866-8x14"
font8x8="cp866-8x8"

/etc/ttys
ttyv*
cons25r
/usr/libexec/lpr/ru/koi2alt
/etc/printcap
lp|Russian local line printer:\
	:sh:of=/usr/libexec/lpr/ru/koi2alt:\
	:lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/output/lpd:lf=/var/log/lpd-errs:

/dev/ad0s2      /dos/c  msdos   rw,-Wkoi2dos,-Lru_RU.KOI8-R 0 0

/usr/libdata/msdosfs
/usr
x11-fonts/xorg-fonts-cyrillic
/etc/X11/xorg.conf
"Files"
FontPath
FontPath   "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/misc"
FontPath   "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/75dpi"
FontPath   "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/100dpi"

xorg.conf
"Keyboard"
Option "XkbLayout"   "us,ru"
Option "XkbOptions"  "grp:toggle"

XkbDisable
grp:caps_toggle
grp:toggle
grp:caps_toggle
xorg.conf
Option "XkbVariant" ",winkeys"

FreeBSD Chinese HOWTO
zh-L10N-tut
/usr/share/doc
make buildworld
cvsup
net/cvsup-without-gui
freebsd-update
crontab
freebsd-update
/etc/freebsd-update.conf
# Components of the base system which should be kept updated.
Components src world kernel

src/bin
# Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an IgnorePaths
# statement will be ignored.
IgnorePaths

/bin
/sbin
freebsd-update
# Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an UpdateIfUnmodified
# statement will only be updated if the contents of the file have not been
# modified by the user (unless changes are merged; see below).
UpdateIfUnmodified /etc/ /var/ /root/ /.cshrc /.profile

KeepModifiedMetadata
freebsd-update
# When upgrading to a new FreeBSD release, files which match MergeChanges
# will have any local changes merged into the version from the new release.
MergeChanges /etc/ /var/named/etc/

freebsd-update
freebsd-update
/etc
mergemaster
# Directory in which to store downloaded updates and temporary
# files used by FreeBSD Update.
# WorkDir /var/db/freebsd-update

# When upgrading between releases, should the list of Components be
# read strictly (StrictComponents yes) or merely as a list of components
# which *might* be installed of which FreeBSD Update should figure out
# which actually are installed and upgrade those (StrictComponents no)?
# StrictComponents no

yes
freebsd-update
Components
freebsd-update
Components
# freebsd-update fetch
# freebsd-update install

freebsd-update
/etc/crobntab
@daily                                  root    freebsd-update cron

freebsd-update
freebsd-update
root
freebsd-update
# freebsd-update rollback

freebsd-update
GENERIC
freebsd-update
GENERIC
/boot/GENERIC
freebsd-update
GENERIC
/boot/GENERIC
freebsd-update
/etc/freebsd-update.conf
freebsd-update
freebsd-update
freebsd-update
install
freebsd-update
/usr/src/sys/conf/newvers.sh
uname -r
-p
ports-mgmt/portupgrade
# portupgrade -af

BATCH
yes
yes
GENERIC
/boot/GENERIC
GENERIC
/boot/kernel.old
GENERIC
/boot/GENERIC
GENERIC
# mount /cdrom
# cd /cdrom/X.Y-RELEASE/kernels
# ./install.sh GENERIC

X.Y-RELEASE
GENERIC
/boot/GENERIC
GENERIC
# cd /usr/src
# env DESTDIR=/boot/GENERIC make kernel
# mv /boot/GENERIC/boot/kernel/* /boot/GENERIC
# rm -rf /boot/GENERIC/boot

freebsd-update
GENERIC
GENERIC
/etc/make.conf
GENERIC
freebsd-update
# freebsd-update -r 6.4-RELEASE upgrade

freebsd-update
Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 1 mirrors found.
Fetching metadata signature for 6.3-RELEASE from update1.FreeBSD.org... done.
Fetching metadata index... done.
Inspecting system... done.

The following components of FreeBSD seem to be installed:
kernel/smp src/base src/bin src/contrib src/crypto src/etc src/games
src/gnu src/include src/krb5 src/lib src/libexec src/release src/rescue
src/sbin src/secure src/share src/sys src/tools src/ubin src/usbin
world/base world/info world/lib32 world/manpages

The following components of FreeBSD do not seem to be installed:
kernel/generic world/catpages world/dict world/doc world/games
world/proflibs

Does this look reasonable (y/n)? y

freebsd-update
WARNING: This system is running a "MYKERNEL" kernel, which is not a
kernel configuration distributed as part of FreeBSD 6.3-RELEASE.
This kernel will not be updated: you MUST update the kernel manually
before running "/usr/sbin/freebsd-update install"

GENERIC
/etc
master.passwd
group
# freebsd-update install

/boot/GENERIC
# nextboot -k GENERIC

GENERIC
/boot/loader.conf
GENERIC
# shutdown -r now

freebsd-update
freebsd-update
# freebsd-update install

ports-mgmt/portupgrade
# portupgrade -f ruby
# rm /var/db/pkg/pkgdb.db
# portupgrade -f ruby18-bdb
# rm /var/db/pkg/pkgdb.db /usr/ports/INDEX-*.db
# portupgrade -af

freebsd-update
# freebsd-update install

GENERIC
freebsd-update
# freebsd-update IDS >> outfile.ids

security/snort
freebsd-update
freebsd-update
outfile.ids
# cat outfile.ids | awk '{ print $1 }' | more
/etc/master.passwd
/etc/motd
/etc/passwd
/etc/pf.conf

/etc/passwd
freebsd-update
/etc/freebsd-update.conf
IDSIgnorePaths
# portsnap fetch
Looking up portsnap.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 3 mirrors found.
Fetching snapshot tag from portsnap1.FreeBSD.org... done.
Fetching snapshot metadata... done.
Updating from Wed Aug  6 18:00:22 EDT 2008 to Sat Aug 30 20:24:11 EDT 2008.
Fetching 3 metadata patches.. done.
Applying metadata patches... done.
Fetching 3 metadata files... done.
Fetching 90 patches.....10....20....30....40....50....60....70....80....90. done.
Applying patches... done.
Fetching 133 new ports or files... done.

fetch
# portsnap extract
/usr/ports/.cvsignore
/usr/ports/CHANGES
/usr/ports/COPYRIGHT
/usr/ports/GIDs
/usr/ports/KNOBS
/usr/ports/LEGAL
/usr/ports/MOVED
/usr/ports/Makefile
/usr/ports/Mk/bsd.apache.mk
/usr/ports/Mk/bsd.autotools.mk
/usr/ports/Mk/bsd.cmake.mk
...

# portsnap fetch update

/usr/doc
/usr/share/doc
textproc/docproj
textproc/docproj-nojadetex
/usr/share/examples/cvsup/doc-supfile
doc-supfile
# cvsup -h cvsup.FreeBSD.org -g -L 2 /usr/share/examples/cvsup/doc-supfile

cvsup.FreeBSD.org
/usr/doc
Makefile
/etc/make.conf
SUP_UPDATE
SUPHOST
DOCSUPFILE
# cd /usr/doc
# make update

/etc/make.conf
SUP_UPDATE= yes
SUPHOST?= cvsup.freebsd.org
DOCSUPFILE?= /usr/share/examples/cvsup/doc-supfile

SUPHOST
DOCSUPFILE
?=
make.conf
/etc/make.conf
DOC_LANG
en_US.ISO8859-1
FORMATS
html
html-split
txt
ps
pdf
rtf
SUPHOST
DOCDIR
/usr/share/doc
/usr/doc
DOC_LANG
# cd /usr/doc
# make install clean

make.conf
DOCSUPFILE
SUPHOST
SUP_UPDATE
# cd /usr/doc
# make update install clean

/usr/doc
# cd /usr/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1
# make update install clean

FORMATS
# cd /usr/doc
# make FORMATS='html html-split' install clean

/usr/share/examples/cvsup
standard-supfile
supfile
cvsup
cvsup
cron
supfile
standard-supfile
*default release=cvs tag=RELENG_X_Y

*default release=cvs tag=.

/usr/src
/usr/src/UPDATING
/usr/share/examples/cvsup
stable-supfile
supfile
cvsup
cvsup
cron
supfile
cvsup
ftp
/usr/src
/usr/src/UPDATING
/bin
/sbin
cron
cvsup
cvsupd
make world
make world
make world
/usr/src/UPDATING
buildworld
buildkernel
installkernel
installworld
make buildworld
/usr/obj
make buildkernel
/usr/obj
make installkernel
mergemaster -p
installworld
make installworld
/usr/obj
mergemaster
make world
X
/usr/src/UPDATING
X
UPDATING
# cd /usr/src
# make buildworld
# make buildkernel
# make installkernel
# shutdown -r now

buildworld
mergemaster -p
UPDATING
installkernel
boot
-s
# adjkerntz -i
# mount -a -t ufs
# mergemaster -p
# cd /usr/src
# make installworld
# mergemaster
# reboot

/usr/src/UPDATING
/usr/src/UPDATING
UPDATING
UPDATING
UPDATING
/etc/make.conf
/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf
/etc/make.conf
/etc/make.conf
/etc/make.conf
make

/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf
CFLAGS
NO_PROFILE
COPTFLAGS
NOPORTDOCS
/etc
/etc
/etc/group
make installworld
make
buildworld
smmsp
/var/spool/clientmqueue
buildworld
installworld
mergemaster
# cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
# ./mergemaster.sh -p

# find / -group GID -print

GID
installkernel
installworld
# shutdown now

# fsck -p
# mount -u /
# mount -a -t ufs
# swapon -a

/
/etc/fstab
# adjkerntz -i

/usr/obj
/usr/obj
/usr/src
make
buildworld
/usr/obj
# cd /usr/obj
# chflags -R noschg *
# rm -rf *

# script /var/tmp/mw.out
Script started, output file is /var/tmp/mw.out	 
# make TARGET
... compile, compile, compile ...	  
# exit
Script done, ...

/tmp
/var/tmp
root
/usr/src
# cd /usr/src

/usr/src
Makefile
# make -x -DVARIABLE target

x
VARIABLE
Makefile
Makefile
/etc/make.conf
# make -DNO_PROFILE target

/etc/make.conf
NO_PROFILE=    true 	#    Avoid compiling profiled libraries

target
Makefile
Makefile
# make target

target
buildworld
buildworld
/usr/obj
installworld
buildworld
installworld
A
B
C
A
make buildworld
make installworld
B
C
A
/usr/src
/usr/obj
make installworld
world
# make buildworld

make
# make -j4 buildworld

GENERIC
GENERIC
GENERIC
KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
# cd /usr/src
# make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
# make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL

kern.securelevel
noschg
installkernel
kern.securelevel
make buildworld
installworld
# cd /usr/src
# make installworld

make buildworld
make installworld
installworld
# make -DNO_PROFILE buildworld

# make -DNO_PROFILE installworld

make buildworld
make installworld
/etc
/var
/usr
/etc
mergemaster
/etc
/usr/src/etc
mergemaster
mergemaster
/
/var/tmp/temproot
/usr/src/etc
/etc
/usr/src/etc
/etc
/etc
/usr/src/etc
/etc
/etc
# cp -Rp /etc /etc.old

/etc
/var/tmp/root
# mkdir /var/tmp/root
# cd /usr/src/etc
# make DESTDIR=/var/tmp/root distrib-dirs distribution

/var/tmp/root
# cd /var/tmp/root
# find -d . -type d | xargs rmdir 2>/dev/null

/dev/null
/var/tmp/root
/
/var/tmp/root
/var/tmp/root/
/var/tmp/root/root/
ls -a
# diff /etc/shells /var/tmp/root/etc/shells

/etc/shells
/var/tmp/root/etc/shells
/var/tmp/root
/etc
/etc
/etc
# mkdir /var/tmp/root-19980214
# cd /usr/src/etc
# make DESTDIR=/var/tmp/root-19980214 \
    distrib-dirs distribution

/var/tmp/root-19980214
/var/tmp/root-19980221
# cd /var/tmp
# diff -r root-19980214 root-19980221

/var/tmp/root-19980221/etc
/etc
/etc
/var/tmp/root-*
# rm -rf /var/tmp/root-19980214

/etc
# mkdir /var/tmp/root-`date "+%Y%m%d"`

# shutdown -r now

/etc/magic
/etc
file
# cd /usr/src/usr.bin/file
# make all install

/usr/obj
src/games/cribbage/instr.c
src/games/sail/pl_main.c
src/release/sysinstall/config.c
src/release/sysinstall/media.c
src/share/mk/bsd.port.mk

make all install
src/lib/libc/stdlib
/usr/obj
/usr/obj
make
buildworld
/usr/obj
make buildworld
make
buildworld
... fix the problem ...
# cd /usr/src
# make -DNO_CLEAN all

make buildworld
--------------------------------------------------------------
Building everything..
--------------------------------------------------------------

make buildworld
/usr/src
/usr/obj
/etc/make.conf
/etc/make.conf
CFLAGS
n
/usr/src
# mount -u -o noatime /usr/src

/usr/src
/usr
/usr/src
/usr/obj
/usr/obj
# mount -u -o async /usr/obj

/usr/obj
# chflags -R noschg /usr/obj/usr
# rm -rf /usr/obj/usr
# cd /usr/src
# make cleandir
# make cleandir

make cleandir
make buildworld
uname -a
make buildworld
make buildkernel
/usr/obj
/usr/src
/usr/src
/etc/make.conf
/etc/src.conf
/etc/make.conf
KERNCONF
KERNCONF
/usr/src/sys/arch/conf
/usr/src
/usr/obj
shutdown now
mergemaster
/usr/ports
/etc/make.conf
root
DISTDIR
WRKDIRPREFIX
DISTDIR
PACKAGES
ttydX
cuaaX
# stty -a -f /dev/ttyd1

# stty -f /dev/ttyid5 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff

/etc/rc.serial
ttyd5
ttyd5
# stty -f /dev/ttyld5 57600

ttyd5
root
MAKEDEV
xterm
/dev
		 /dev/ttydx
x
		 /dev/cuaax
COM1
/dev/ttyd0
COM2
/dev/ttyd1
init
login
getty
/etc/ttys
su
/etc/ttys
/dev
/etc/ttys
/usr/libexec/getty
/etc/gettytab
getty
init
/etc/ttys
/etc/gettytab
getty
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
ttyv0
/dev
/dev
ttyd0
ttyd3
/etc/ttys
ttyd1
/etc/ttys
ttyd1   "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   unknown off secure
ttyd5

getty
/usr/libexec/getty
getty
getty
getty
getty
getty
/etc/gettytab
/etc/gettytab
std
std
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
ttyd1   "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400"   unknown off secure
ttyd5   "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200"

getty
/etc/ttys
unknown
dialup
.login
.profile
tset
/etc/ttys
/usr/share/misc/termcap
/etc/ttys
ttyd1   "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400"   wy50  off secure
ttyd5   "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200"	 vt100

/etc/ttys
on
init
getty
off
getty
on
/etc/ttys
on
ttyd1   "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400"   wy50  on secure
ttyd5   "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200"	 vt100 on

window
su
login
su
wtmp
su
su
/etc/ttys
ttyd1   "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400"   wy50  on insecure # Kitchen
ttyd5   "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200"	 vt100 on insecure # Guest bathroom

init
/etc/ttys
init
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
init
init
SIGHUP
/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
init
# kill -HUP 1

init
getty
getty
# ps -axww|grep getty

getty
getty
ttyd1
/etc/gettytab
std.38400
22189  d1  Is+    0:00.03 /usr/libexec/getty std.38400 ttyd1

getty
/etc/ttys
kill -HUP 		1
getty
getty
/etc/ttys
kill -HUP
1
sio
init
getty
/dev/ttyd0
ps 	 ax
 4850 ??  I      0:00.09 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd0

getty
getty
getty
getty
getty
getty
getty
/usr/bin/login
COM1:
COM2:
COM3:
COM4:
/sbin/dmesg
sio
sio
# /sbin/dmesg | grep 'sio'

sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa
sio0: type 16550A
sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa
sio1: type 16550A
sio2 at 0x3e8-0x3ef irq 5 on isa
sio2: type 16550A
sio3 at 0x2e8-0x2ef irq 9 on isa
sio3: type 16550A

/usr/src/share/doc/smm
/sys/conf/options
	 /sys/arch/conf/options.arch

i386
srcdist/srcsys.??
srcdist/sys.??
/sys/i386/conf
cd
GENERICAH
GENERICBT
YOURSYS
YOURSYS
device		sio0	at isa? port "IO_COM1" tty irq 4 vector siointr
device		sio1	at isa? port "IO_COM2" tty irq 3 vector siointr
device		sio2	at isa? port "IO_COM3" tty irq 5 vector siointr
device		sio3	at isa? port "IO_COM4" tty irq 9 vector siointr

port "IO_COM1"
IO_COM2
IO_COM3
IO_COM4
0x3f8
0x2f8
0x3e8
0x2e8
COM1:
COM4:
config
/dev
sio
/dev/ttyd?
/dev/cuaa?
/dev/ttyi?
/dev/cuai0?
/dev/ttyld?
/dev/cual0?
CTS/RTS
crtscts
/dev
MAKEDEV
MAKEDEV
COM1:
/dev
cd
MAKEDEV ttyd0
MAKEDEV 	 ttyd1
COM2:
MAKEDEV
/dev/ttyd?
/dev/cuaa?
/dev/tty0?
/dev/cua*
/dev/cua*
crw-rw----    1 uucp     dialer    28, 129 Feb 15 14:38 /dev/cuaa1
crw-rw----    1 uucp     dialer    28, 161 Feb 15 14:38 /dev/cuaia1
crw-rw----    1 uucp     dialer    28, 193 Feb 15 14:38 /dev/cuala1

uucp
dialer
/etc
/etc/gettytab
/usr/libexec/getty
/etc/ttys
/sbin/init
tty
getty
/etc/rc.serial
/etc/rc.local
getty
getty
<Enter>
getty
/etc/gettytab
/etc/gettytab
/etc/gettytab
getty
/etc/gettytab
D2400
gettytab
#
# Fast dialup terminals, 2400/1200/300 rotary (can start either way)
#
D2400|d2400|Fast-Dial-2400:\
        :nx=D1200:tc=2400-baud:
3|D1200|Fast-Dial-1200:\
        :nx=D300:tc=1200-baud:
5|D300|Fast-Dial-300:\
        :nx=D2400:tc=300-baud:

/etc/gettytab
#
# Additions for a V.32bis Modem
#
um|V300|High Speed Modem at 300,8-bit:\
        :nx=V19200:tc=std.300:
un|V1200|High Speed Modem at 1200,8-bit:\
        :nx=V300:tc=std.1200:
uo|V2400|High Speed Modem at 2400,8-bit:\
        :nx=V1200:tc=std.2400:
up|V9600|High Speed Modem at 9600,8-bit:\
        :nx=V2400:tc=std.9600:
uq|V19200|High Speed Modem at 19200,8-bit:\
        :nx=V9600:tc=std.19200:

:np:
std.xxx
nx=
tc=
gettytab
#
# Additions for a V.32bis or V.34 Modem
# Starting at 57.6 Kbps
#
vm|VH300|Very High Speed Modem at 300,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH57600:tc=std.300:
vn|VH1200|Very High Speed Modem at 1200,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH300:tc=std.1200:
vo|VH2400|Very High Speed Modem at 2400,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH1200:tc=std.2400:
vp|VH9600|Very High Speed Modem at 9600,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH2400:tc=std.9600:
vq|VH57600|Very High Speed Modem at 57600,8-bit:\
        :nx=VH9600:tc=std.57600:

/etc/ttys
/etc/ttys
init
tty
/etc/ttys
login
root
secure
/etc/ttys
init
getty
ttyd0   "/usr/libexec/getty xxx"   dialup on

ttyd0
/dev/ttyd0
getty
"/usr/libexec/getty
	 xxx"
xxx
gettytab
init
dialup
on
init
secure
dialup
dialup
dialup
vt102
/etc/ttys
init
/etc/ttys
# kill -HUP 1

init
/etc/ttys
getty
ttys
ttyd0   "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200"   dialup on

/etc/gettytab
std.19200
std.speed
ttys
/etc/gettytab
V19200
gettytab
ttys
ttyd0   "/usr/libexec/getty V19200"   dialup on

/etc/rc.serial
/etc/rc.local
RTS/CTS
stty
/etc/rc.serial
/etc/rc.local
/etc/rc.serial
#!/bin/sh
#
# Serial port initial configuration

stty -f /dev/ttyid1 crtscts
stty -f /dev/cuai01 crtscts

termio
crtscts
COM2:
crtscts
/etc/rc.local
# Set serial ports to use RTS/CTS flow control
stty -f /dev/ttyd0 crtscts
stty -f /dev/ttyd1 crtscts
stty -f /dev/ttyd2 crtscts
stty -f /dev/ttyd3 crtscts

tip
getty
ATZ
AT&C1&D2&H1&I0&R2&W

getty
getty
ATZ
AT&B1&W

ATZ
AT&B2&W

ATI5
ATZ
ATI4
getty
ps ax
getty
  114 ??  I      0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd0
  115 ??  I      0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd1

getty
  114 d0  I      0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd0

getty
getty
/etc/ttys
/var/log/messages
init
getty
/etc/ttys
/etc/gettytab
/dev/ttyd?
<Enter>
BREAK
AT&B1
/etc/gettytab
/etc/ttys
/etc/gettytab
nx=
/etc/gettytab
tc=
/etc/gettytab
tip
cu
tip
cu
uucp
dialer
dialer
tip
cu
# chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip

cu
cu
tip
tip
/etc/remote
at=hayes
BUSY
NO DIALTONE
CONNECT 115200
tip
ATX0&W
tip
tip
ATS7=45&W
tip
/usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip
tipconf.h
#define HAYES 0
#define HAYES 1
make
make install
/etc/remote
/dev/cuaa0
cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none

tip cuaa0
/dev/cuaa0
# cd /dev
# ./MAKEDEV cuaa0

# cu -lline -sspeed

line
/dev/cuaa0
speed
57600
~.
@
@
/etc/phone
@
/etc/remote
pn=\@

/etc/remote
tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\
	    :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du:
tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600bps:\
	    :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:

# tip -115200 5551234

tip
cu
cu
cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\
	:dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:

# cu 5551234 -s 115200

tip1200
cu1200
tip
tip1200
CONNECT <host>
cm
/etc/remote
pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\
	:cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13:
muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\
	:cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13:
deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\
	:dv=/dev/cuaa2:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234:

tip pain
tip
muffin
tip deep13
/etc/remote
pn
@
big-university:\
	:pn=\@:tc=dialout
dialout:\
	:dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none:

/etc/phone
big-university 5551111
big-university 5551112
big-university 5551113
big-university 5551114

tip
tip
tip
~s
	 ~sforce=single-char
single-char
single-char
single-char
$HOME/.tiprc
force=<single-char>

tip
~s
raisechar
force=^^
raisechar=^^

tip
~p
~t
cat
echo
~p
~t
tip
~C 	 rz
~C sz 	 files
/sys/i386/boot/biosboot/README.serial
/boot/loader
/sys/i386/boot/biosboot/README.serial
Keyboard failed
COM1:
sio0
COM1:
sio0
COM1:
COM1:
COM1:
COM1:
COM2:
sio1
COM1:
sio0
0x10
0x20
COMCONSOLE
0x20
0x40
0x10
0x40
device sio0 at isa? port "IO_COM1" tty flags 0x10 irq 4

a
boot.config
/boot/loader
/boot.config
/boot.config
/boot.config: -P
Keyboard: no

/boot.config
/boot.config
>> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT
Default: 0:wd(0,a)/boot/loader
boot:

/boot.config
device sio0 at isa? port "IO_COM1" tty flags 0x10 irq 4

device sio0 at isa? port "IO_COM1" tty flags 0x30 irq 4

/etc/make.conf
BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=19200

options CONSPEED=19200

sio0
sio0
/etc/make.conf
BOOT_COMCONSOLE_PORT
sio0
sio3
COM1:
COM4:
sio1
COM2:
device sio1 at isa? port "IO_COM2" tty flags 0x10 irq 3

device sio1 at isa? port "IO_COM2" tty flags 0x30 irq 3

# cd /sys/boot/i386/boot2
# make
# make install

# cd /sys/boot/i386/loader
# make
# make install

options BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER
options DDB

/etc/ttys
ttyd0 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure
ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure
ttyd2 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure
ttyd3 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure

ttyd0
ttyd3
COM1
COM4
off
on
std.9600
std.19200
unknown
kill -HUP
1
/boot/loader.rc
set console=comconsole

/boot/loader.rc
set console=vidconsole

console
/boot/loader.rc
/boot/loader.conf.local
/boot/loader.conf
/boot/loader.rc
include /boot/loader.4th
start

/boot/loader.conf.local
console=comconsole

console=vidconsole

sio0
sio0
tun
pppd
ppp.conf
enable dns
HISADDR
255.255.255.0
ppp
tun
tun
GENERIC
tun
/sys/i386/conf
/sys/pc98/conf
pseudo-device tun 1

GENERIC
/sys
# ifconfig -a
tun0: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
	inet 200.10.100.1 --> 203.10.100.24 netmask 0xffffffff
tun1: flags=8050<POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 576
tun2: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
	inet 203.10.100.1 --> 203.10.100.20 netmask 0xffffffff
tun3: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

tun
tun
ppp
RUNNING
RUNNING
tun
/dev/tun0
pseudo-device
tun
1
tun0
tun0
# cd /dev
# ./MAKEDEV tun0

tun0
# cd /dev
# ./MAKEDEV tun15

# ifconfig tun0
tun0: flags=8050<POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

RUNNING
# ifconfig tun0
tun0: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

tun
/etc/hosts
man 5 hosts
/etc/host.conf
/etc/hosts.conf
s
/etc/host.conf
hosts
bind

/etc/hosts
foo.bar.com
10.0.0.1
/etc/hosts
127.0.0.1	localhost.bar.com	localhost
127.0.0.1	localhost.bar.com.
10.0.0.1	foo.bar.com		foo
10.0.0.1	foo.bar.com.

localhost
127.0.0.1
foo.bar.com
foo
10.0.0.1
10.0.0.1
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/resolv.conf
domain bar.com
nameserver x.x.x.x
nameserver y.y.y.y

x.x.x.x
y.y.y.y
domain
resolv.conf
enable dns
/etc/resolv.conf
resolv.conf
ppp
pppd
/usr/share/examples/ppp
ppp
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
:
1     default:
2       set device /dev/cuaa0
3       set speed 115200
4       set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 5 \"\" ATE1Q0 OK-AT-OK \\dATDT\\TTIMEOUT 40 CONNECT"
5     provider:
6       set phone "(123) 456 7890"
7       set login "TIMEOUT 10 \"\" \"\" gin:--gin: foo word: bar col: ppp"
8       set timeout 300
9       set ifaddr x.x.x.x y.y.y.y 255.255.255.0 0.0.0.0
10      add default HISADDR	  
11      enable dns

COM1:
/dev/cuaa0
COM2:
/dev/cuaa1
:
|
:
|
J. Random Provider
login: foo
password: bar
protocol: ppp

x.x.x.x
y.y.y.y
10.0.0.2/0
/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
HISADDR
HISADDR
/etc/resolv.conf
ppp.linkup
/usr/share/examples/ppp
ppp
ppp
ppp.conf
9       set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0 255.255.255.0

/
0.0.0.0
10.0.0.1
0.0.0.0
set ifaddr
0.0.0.0
/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
ppp.linkup
ppp
1     provider:
2       delete ALL
3       add default HISADDR

ppp
ppp.linkup
ppp.conf
MYADDR
ppp
HISADDR
HISADDR
/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf.sample
/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.linkup.sample
MYADDR
HISADDR
add
delete
MYADDR
HISADDR
ppp.linkup
ppp
ppp
gateway_enable=YES

getty
getty
mgetty
mgetty
/etc/ttys
mgetty
mgetty
ppp
ppp
/etc/group
network
allow
allow users fred mary

/etc/ppp/ppp-shell
#!/bin/sh
IDENT=`echo $0 | sed -e 's/^.*-\(.*\)$/\1/'`
CALLEDAS="$IDENT"
TTY=`tty`

if [ x$IDENT = xdialup ]; then
	IDENT=`basename $TTY`
fi

echo "PPP for $CALLEDAS on $TTY"
echo "Starting PPP for $IDENT"

exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT

ppp-dialup
# ln -s ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-dialup

pchilds
/etc/password
vipw
pchilds:*:1011:300:Peter Childs PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup

/home/ppp
/etc/motd
-r--r--r--   1 root     wheel           0 May 27 02:23 .hushlogin
-r--r--r--   1 root     wheel           0 May 27 02:22 .rhosts

ppp-shell
ppp-shell
fred
sam
mary
# ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred
# ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam
# ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-mary

mary
/etc/ppp/ppp-mary
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
default:
  set debug phase lcp chat
  set timeout 0

ttyd0:
  set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.20 255.255.255.255
  enable proxy

ttyd1:
  set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.21 255.255.255.255
  enable proxy

default:
/etc/ttys
ttyd0:
ppp.conf
/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.conf
fred
sam
mary
fred:
  set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.101.1 255.255.255.255

sam:
  set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.102.1 255.255.255.255

mary:
  set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.103.1 255.255.255.255

/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
203.14.101.0
fred:
  add 203.14.101.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR

sam:
  add 203.14.102.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR

mary:
  add 203.14.103.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR

mgetty
mgetty
AUTO_PPP
mgetty
mgetty
AUTO_PPP
mgetty
		/usr/local/etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config
/AutoPPP/ -     -       /etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup

mgetty
ppp-pap-dialup
/etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup
#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct pap

/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
pap:
  enable pap
  set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.20-203.14.100.40
  enable proxy

/etc/ppp/ppp.secret
/etc/password
enable passwdauth

/etc/ppp/ppp.secret
/usr/share/examples/ppp/ppp.secret.sample
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
enable msext
set ns 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.2
set nbns 203.14.100.5

accept dns
set dns 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.2
set nbns 203.14.100.5

set 		dns
/etc/resolv.conf
7       set login
...
12      set authname MyUserName
13      set authkey MyPassword

MyUserName
MyPassword
15      accept PAP

15      accept CHAP

ppp
set server /var/run/ppp-tun%d DiagnosticPassword 0177

%d
tun
ppp
ppp
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/sysconfig
hostname=
hostname="foo.bar.com"

network_interfaces
tun0
network_interfaces="lo0 tun0" ifconfig_tun0=

ifconfig_tun0
/etc/start_if.tun0
ppp -auto mysystem

NO
router_enable="NO"

routed
ppp
routed
sendmail_flags
sendmail
sendmail_flags="-bd"

sendmail
# /usr/sbin/sendmail -q

ppp.linkup
!bg
1     provider:
2       delete ALL
3       add 0 0 HISADDR
4       !bg sendmail -bd -q30m

# ppp

dial
provider
start_if.tun0
ppp
# ppp -auto provider

tun
/dev
tunX
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
pmdemand
/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
/etc/rc.conf
sysconfig
start_if.tun0
tun
/dev
tunX
/etc/passwd
ppp -direct direct-server
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
direct-server
/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
/etc/rc.conf
pppd
/usr/sbin
/etc/ppp
pppd
/etc/ppp/options
~/.ppprc
/etc/ppp/options
crtscts         # enable hardware flow control
modem           # modem control line
noipdefault     # remote PPP server must supply your IP address.
                # if the remote host doesn't send your IP during IPCP
                # negotiation , remove this option
passive         # wait for LCP packets
domain ppp.foo.com      # put your domain name here

:<remote_ip>    # put the IP of remote PPP host here
                # it will be used to route packets via PPP link
                # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option
                # change this line to <local_ip>:<remote_ip>

defaultroute    # put this if you want that PPP server will be your
                # default router

# /usr/src/usr.sbin/pppd.new/pppd /dev/tty01 19200

/etc/ppp/options
/etc/ppp/pppup
#!/bin/sh
ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep
pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
        kill ${pid}
fi
ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep
pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
        kill -9 ${pid}
fi

ifconfig ppp0 down
ifconfig ppp0 delete

kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.dial
pppd /dev/tty01 19200

/etc/ppp/kermit.dial
/etc/ppp/pppdown
#!/bin/sh
pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
        kill -TERM ${pid}
fi

ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep
pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
        kill -9 ${pid}
fi

/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 down
/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 delete
kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.hup
/etc/ppp/ppptest

/usr/etc/ppp/ppptest
#!/bin/sh
pid=`ps ax| grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'pppd running: PID=' ${pid-NONE}
else
        echo 'No pppd running.'
fi
set -x
netstat -n -I ppp0
ifconfig ppp0

/etc/ppp/kermit.hup
set line /dev/tty01	; put your modem device here
set speed 19200
set file type binary
set file names literal
set win 8
set rec pack 1024
set send pack 1024
set block 3
set term bytesize 8
set command bytesize 8
set flow none

pau 1
out +++
inp 5 OK
out ATH0\13
echo \13
exit

kermit
chat
/etc/ppp/options
/dev/cuaa1 115200

crtscts		# enable hardware flow control
modem		# modem control line
connect "/usr/bin/chat -f /etc/ppp/login.chat.script"
noipdefault	# remote PPP serve must supply your IP address.
	        # if the remote host doesn't send your IP during
                # IPCP negotiation, remove this option
passive         # wait for LCP packets
domain <your.domain>	# put your domain name here

:		# put the IP of remote PPP host here
	        # it will be used to route packets via PPP link
                # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option
                # change this line to <local_ip>:<remote_ip>

defaultroute	# put this if you want that PPP server will be
	        # your default router

/etc/ppp/login.chat.script
ABORT BUSY ABORT 'NO CARRIER' "" AT OK ATDT<phone.number>
 CONNECT "" TIMEOUT 10 ogin:-\\r-ogin: <login-id>
 TIMEOUT 5 sword: <password>

# pppd

/etc/ppp/options
crtscts                         # Hardware flow control
netmask 255.255.255.0           # netmask ( not required )
192.114.208.20:192.114.208.165  # ip's of local and remote hosts
                                # local ip must be different from one
                                # you assigned to the ethernet ( or other )
                                # interface on your machine.
                                # remote IP is ip address that will be 
                                # assigned to the remote machine
domain ppp.foo.com              # your domain
passive                         # wait for LCP
modem                           # modem line

/etc/ppp/pppserv
#!/bin/sh
ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep
pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
        kill ${pid}
fi
ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep
pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
        kill -9 ${pid}
fi

# reset ppp interface
ifconfig ppp0 down
ifconfig ppp0 delete

# enable autoanswer mode
kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.ans

# run ppp
pppd /dev/tty01 19200

/etc/ppp/pppservdown
#!/bin/sh
ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep
pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}
        kill ${pid}
fi
ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep
pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`
if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then
        echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}
        kill -9 ${pid}
fi
ifconfig ppp0 down
ifconfig ppp0 delete

kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.noans

/etc/ppp/kermit.ans
set line /dev/tty01
set speed 19200
set file type binary
set file names literal
set win 8
set rec pack 1024
set send pack 1024
set block 3
set term bytesize 8
set command bytesize 8
set flow none

pau 1
out +++
inp 5 OK
out ATH0\13
inp 5 OK
echo \13
out ATS0=1\13   ; change this to out ATS0=0\13 if you want to disable
                ; autoanswer mod
inp 5 OK
echo \13
exit

/etc/ppp/kermit.dial
;
; put the com line attached to the modem here:
;
set line /dev/tty01
;
; put the modem speed here:
;
set speed 19200
set file type binary            ; full 8 bit file xfer
set file names literal
set win 8
set rec pack 1024
set send pack 1024
set block 3
set term bytesize 8
set command bytesize 8
set flow none
set modem hayes
set dial hangup off
set carrier auto                ; Then SET CARRIER if necessary,
set dial display on             ; Then SET DIAL if necessary,
set input echo on
set input timeout proceed
set input case ignore
def \%x 0                       ; login prompt counter
goto slhup

:slcmd                          ; put the modem in command mode
echo Put the modem in command mode.
clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
pause 1
output +++                      ; hayes escape sequence
input 1 OK\13\10                ; wait for OK
if success goto slhup
output \13
pause 1
output at\13
input 1 OK\13\10
if fail goto slcmd              ; if modem doesn't answer OK, try again

:slhup                          ; hang up the phone
clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
pause 1
echo Hanging up the phone.
output ath0\13                  ; hayes command for on hook
input 2 OK\13\10
if fail goto slcmd              ; if no OK answer, put modem in command mode

:sldial                         ; dial the number
pause 1
echo Dialing.
output atdt9,550311\13\10               ; put phone number here
assign \%x 0                    ; zero the time counter

:look
clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
increment \%x                   ; Count the seconds
input 1 {CONNECT }
if success goto sllogin
reinput 1 {NO CARRIER\13\10}
if success goto sldial
reinput 1 {NO DIALTONE\13\10}
if success goto slnodial
reinput 1 {\255}
if success goto slhup
reinput 1 {\127}
if success goto slhup
if < \%x 60 goto look
else goto slhup

:sllogin                        ; login
assign \%x 0                    ; zero the time counter
pause 1
echo Looking for login prompt.

:slloop
increment \%x                   ; Count the seconds
clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer
output \13
;
; put your expected login prompt here:
;
input 1 {Username: }
if success goto sluid
reinput 1 {\255}
if success goto slhup
reinput 1 {\127}
if success goto slhup
if < \%x 10 goto slloop         ; try 10 times to get a login prompt
else goto slhup                 ; hang up and start again if 10 failures

:sluid
;
; put your userid here:
;
output ppp-login\13
input 1 {Password: }
;
; put your password here:
;
output ppp-password\13
input 1 {Entering SLIP mode.}
echo
quit

:slnodial
echo \7No dialtone.  Check the telephone line!\7
exit 1

; local variables:
; mode: csh
; comment-start: "; "
; comment-start-skip: "; "
; end:

ppp.conf
ppp.conf
default: # or name_of_service_provider
  set device PPPoE:xl1 # replace xl1 with your ethernet device
  set mru 1492
  set mtu 1492
  set authname YOURLOGINNAME
  set authkey YOURPASSWORD
  set log Phase tun command # you can add more detailed logging if you wish
  set dial
  set login
  set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0
  add default HISADDR
  nat enable yes # if you want to enable nat for your local net

papchap:
  set authname YOURLOGINNAME
  set authkey YOURPASSWORD

# ppp -ddial name_of_service_provider

/etc/rc.conf
ppp_enable="YES"
ppp_mode="ddial"
ppp_nat="YES"
ppp_profile="default" # or your provider

/dev/cuaa1
/dev/modem
/etc
.kermrc
/dev/cuaa0
COM1
cuaa1
COM2
pseudo-device   sl      1

GENERIC
/etc/hosts
127.0.0.1               localhost loghost
136.152.64.181          silvia.HIP.Berkeley.EDU silvia.HIP silvia
136.152.64.1            inr-3.Berkeley.EDU inr-3 slip-gateway
128.32.136.9            ns1.Berkeley.edu ns1
128.32.136.12           ns2.Berkeley.edu ns2

/etc/host.conf
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/sysconfig
“hostname=myname.my.domain”

“network_interfaces="lo0"”

“network_interfaces="lo0 sl0"”

ifconfig_sl0="inet ${hostname} slip-gateway netmask 0xffffff00 up"

“defaultrouter=NO”

“defaultrouter=slip-gateway”

domain HIP.Berkeley.EDU
nameserver 128.32.136.9
nameserver 128.32.136.12

/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/passwd
/etc/master.passwd
slip
# kermit setup
set modem hayes
set line /dev/modem
set speed 115200
set parity none
set flow rts/cts
set terminal bytesize 8
set file type binary
# The next macro will dial up and login
define slip dial 643-9600, input 10 =>, if failure stop, -
output slip\x0d, input 10 Username:, if failure stop, -
output silvia\x0d, input 10 Password:, if failure stop, -
output ***\x0d, echo \x0aCONNECTED\x0a

slip
z
# slattach -h -c -s 115200 /dev/modem

ping
# kill -INT `cat /var/run/slattach.modem.pid`

fg
q
ifconfig
sl0 down
ifconfig sl0
ifconfig sl0
# ifconfig sl0
sl0: flags=10<POINTOPOINT>
        inet 136.152.64.181 --> 136.152.64.1 netmask ffffff00

netstat -r
# netstat -r
Routing tables
Destination      Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use  IfaceMTU    Rtt   
Netmasks:
(root node)
(root node)

Route Tree for Protocol Family inet:
(root node) =>
default          inr-3.Berkeley.EDU UG          8   224515  sl0 -      -     
localhost.Berkel localhost.Berkeley UH          5    42127  lo0 -       0.438
inr-3.Berkeley.E silvia.HIP.Berkele UH          1        0  sl0 -      -     
silvia.HIP.Berke localhost.Berkeley UGH        34 47641234  lo0 -       0.438
(root node)

dialup.txt
clocal
/usr/sbin/sliplogin
sliplogin
/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts
/etc/sliphome/slip.login
Shelmerg
/etc/master.passwd
Shelmerg
Shelmerg:password:1964:89::0:0:Guy Helmer - SLIP:/usr/users/Shelmerg:/usr/sbin/sliplogin

Shelmerg
sliplogin
/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts
/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts
Shelmerg        dc-slip sl-helmer       0xfffffc00      autocomp

sliplogin
/etc/sliphome/slip.login
/etc/sliphome/slip.login 0 19200 Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmer 0xfffffc00 autocomp

/etc/sliphome/slip.login
sliplogin
slip.login
ifconfig
dc-slip
sl-helmer
0xfffffc00
autocomp
sliplogin
daemon
/var/log/messages
/etc/syslog.conf
syslogd
sl0
sl1
netstat -i
netstat -i
Name  Mtu   Network     Address            Ipkts Ierrs    Opkts Oerrs  Coll
ed0   1500  <Link>0.0.c0.2c.5f.4a         291311     0   174209     0   133
ed0   1500  138.247.224 ivory             291311     0   174209     0   133
lo0   65535 <Link>                            79     0       79     0     0
lo0   65535 loop        localhost             79     0       79     0     0
sl0*  296   <Link>                             0     0        0     0     0
sl1*  296   <Link>                             0     0        0     0     0

netstat -i
sl0
sl1
sl0
sl1
netstat -i
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/sysconfig
gateway_enable
/etc/sysconfig
/etc/rc.local
sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding = 1

/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC
pseudo-device sl 2

/usr/sbin/sliplogin
/etc/sliphome
sliplogin
slip.hosts
slip.login
slip.logout
slip.login
slip.hosts
/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts
/etc/host.conf
/etc/hosts
/etc/networks
/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts
#
# login local-addr      remote-addr     mask            opt1    opt2 
#                                               (normal,compress,noicmp)
#
Shelmerg  dc-slip       sl-helmerg      0xfffffc00      autocomp

sliplogin
slip.login
gated
/etc/sliphome/slip.login
/etc/sliphome/slip.logout
slip.login
/etc/sliphome/slip.login
#!/bin/sh -
#
#	@(#)slip.login  5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90

#
# generic login file for a slip line.  sliplogin invokes this with
# the parameters:
#      1        2         3        4          5         6     7-n
#   slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args
#
/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 inet $4 $5 netmask $6

slip.login
ifconfig
/etc/sliphome/slip.login
#!/bin/sh -
#
#	@(#)slip.login  5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90

#
# generic login file for a slip line.  sliplogin invokes this with
# the parameters:
#      1        2         3        4          5         6     7-n
#   slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args
#
/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 inet $4 $5 netmask $6
# Answer ARP requests for the SLIP client with our Ethernet addr
/usr/sbin/arp -s $5 00:11:22:33:44:55 pub

slip.login
arp -s $5
00:11:22:33:44:55 pub
00:11:22:33:44:55
netstat -i
ed0   1500  <Link>0.2.c1.28.5f.4a         191923     0   129457     0   116

00:02:c1:28:5f:4a
netstat -i
/etc/sliphome/slip.login
/etc/sliphome/slip.logout
chmod 755
/etc/sliphome/slip.login /etc/sliphome/slip.logout
sliplogin
slip.logout
/etc/sliphome/slip.logout
slip.logout
#!/bin/sh -
#
#	slip.logout

#
# logout file for a slip line.  sliplogin invokes this with
# the parameters:
#      1        2         3        4          5         6     7-n
#   slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args
#
/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 down

/etc/sliphome/slip.logout
#!/bin/sh -
#
#       @(#)slip.logout

#
# logout file for a slip line.  sliplogin invokes this with
# the parameters:
#      1        2         3        4          5         6     7-n
#   slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args
#
/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 down
# Quit answering ARP requests for the SLIP client
/usr/sbin/arp -d $5

arp -d $5
slip.login
/etc/sliphome/slip.logout
chmod 755 /etc/sliphome/slip.logout
gated
gated
gated
gated
gated-R3_5Alpha_8.tar.Z
gated
gated
/etc/gated.conf
#
# gated configuration file for dc.dsu.edu; for gated version 3.5alpha5
# Only broadcast RIP information for xxx.xxx.yy out the ed Ethernet interface
#
#
# tracing options
#
traceoptions "/var/tmp/gated.output" replace size 100k files 2 general ;

rip yes {
 interface sl noripout noripin ;
 interface ed ripin ripout version 1 ;
 traceoptions route ;
} ;

#
# Turn on a bunch of tracing info for the interface to the kernel:
kernel {
 traceoptions remnants request routes info interface ;
} ;

#
# Propagate the route to xxx.xxx.yy out the Ethernet interface via RIP
#

export proto rip interface ed {
        proto direct {
                xxx.xxx.yy mask 255.255.252.0 metric 1; # SLIP connections
        } ;
} ;

#
# Accept routes from RIP via ed Ethernet interfaces

import proto rip interface ed {
        all ;
} ;

gated.conf
xxx.xxx.yy
ed
ed
gated
/var/tmp/gated.output
gated
xxx.xxx.yy
proto direct
gated
routed
gated
/etc/netstart
routed/gated
gated
gated
named
/etc/inetd.conf
/etc/mail/access
/etc/mail/aliases
/etc/mail/local-host-names
/etc/mail/mailer.conf
/etc/mail/mailertable
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
/etc/mail/virtusertable
/etc/mail/access
cyberspammer.com                550 We don't accept mail from spammers
FREE.STEALTH.MAILER@            550 We don't accept mail from spammers
another.source.of.spam          REJECT
okay.cyberspammer.com           OK
128.32                          RELAY

another.source.of.spam
okay.cyberspammer.com
cyberspammer.com
128.32
/etc/mail/
make
/etc/mail/aliases
/etc/mail/aliases
root: localuser
ftp-bugs: joe,eric,paul
bit.bucket:  /dev/null
procmail: "|/usr/local/bin/procmail"

root
localuser
localuser
ftp-bugs
joe
eric
paul
user@example.com
/dev/null
/usr/local/bin/procmail
/etc/mail/
make
/etc/mail/local-host-names
example.com
mail.example.com
local-host-names
example.com
mail.example.com

/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
sendmail.cf
/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README
/etc/mail/virtusertable
virtusertable
/etc/mail/aliases
root@example.com                root
postmaster@example.com          postmaster@noc.example.net
@example.com                    joe

example.com
root@example.com
root
postmaster@example.com
noc.example.net
postmaster
example.com
example.com
joe
/usr/bin/sendmail
/etc/rc.conf
sendmail_enable="NO"

/etc/mail/mailer.conf
/etc/rc.conf
sendmail_enable="NONE"

/etc/rc.conf
sendmail_enable="NO"

/usr/local/etc/rc.d/
.sh
root
start
stop
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/supermailer.sh start

stop
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/supermailer.sh stop

/etc/rc.conf
mta_start_script="filename"

filename
/usr/bin/sendmail
/etc/mail/mailer.conf
sendmail    /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
send-mail   /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
mailq       /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
newaliases  /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
hoststat    /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
purgestat   /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail

sendmail
mailer.conf
/usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail
sendmail
sendmail
/usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat
/etc/mail/mailer.conf
sendmail    /usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat
send-mail   /usr/local/supermailer/bin/sendmail-compat
mailq       /usr/local/supermailer/bin/mailq-compat
newaliases  /usr/local/supermailer/bin/newaliases-compat
hoststat    /usr/local/supermailer/bin/hoststat-compat
purgestat   /usr/local/supermailer/bin/purgestat-compat

mail loops back to 	 myself
Relaying Denied
foo.bar.edu
bar.edu
mumble
mumble
mumble.bar.edu
mumble
mumble.foo.bar.edu
mumble.bar.edu
mumble.edu
/etc/resolv.conf
domain foo.bar.edu

search foo.bar.edu bar.edu

mail loops back to 	
myself
“Local configuration error” というメッセージが出ます。例えば、

553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself
554 <user@domain.net>... Local configuration error

のような感じですが、どうしたら解決できますか?

これは、例えば domain.net のようなドメイン宛てのメールを
MX レコードで特定のホスト(ここでは
relay.domain.net) に送ろうとしたのに、
そのホストでは domain.net
宛てのメールを受け取れるような設定になっていない場合です。
設定の際に
FEATURE(use_cw_file) を指定してある場合には
/etc/mail/local-host-names の中に domain.net を追加してください。
もしくは、/etc/mail/sendmail.cf の中に “Cw domain.net”
を追加してください。

example.com
example.net
example.com.	MX	10	example.com.
MX	20	example.net.

example.com
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
Cw
example.com
sendmail
example.com
sendmail
example.net
example.com
#!/bin/sh
# Put me in /usr/local/bin/pppmyisp
( sleep 60 ; /usr/sbin/sendmail -q ) &
/usr/sbin/ppp -direct pppmyisp

sendmail -qRexample.com
example.com
> 私たちはお客様に対して、セカンダリ MX を提供しています。
> お客様は一日に何回か私たちのサービスに接続し、メールを彼らのプライマリ MX
> に受け取ります (彼らのドメインに対するメールが到着した時には、
> 私たちは彼らのサイトを呼び出しません)。
> 私たちの sendmail は、30 分ごとにメールキューに溜っているメールを配送します。
> ちょうどその時に、すべてのメールがプライマリ MX に送られたかどうかを確かめるためには、
> 彼らは 30 分は オンラインでいなければなりません。
>
> すべてのメールを今すぐ送るために sendmail を初期化するコマンドはあるでしょうか?
> もちろん私たちのマシン上には、ユーザはルート (root) 権限を持っていません。

sendmail.cf の “privacy flags” セクションに、
Opgoaway,restrictqrun の定義があります。

root 以外のユーザがキューを処理できるようにするには、
restrictqrun を削除してください。また、MX の再調整が必要かもしれません。
あなたがたは、顧客のサイトに対する一番優先度の高い MX なので、
次のように定義します。

# If we are the best MX for a host, try directly instead of generating
# local config error.
OwTrue

このようにすると、リモートサイトからのメールが、
顧客のマシンと接続しようとせず、直接あなたがたのホストマシンに配送されるようになります。
ホストマシンに配送されたメールは、続いて顧客のマシンに送られます。
これはホスト名にのみ有効なので、顧客のメールマシンに、
“host.customer.com” とは別に、“customer.com” も定義する必要があります。
DNS 上で、“customer.com” に対する A レコードを定義してください。

Relaying Denied
5.7 Relaying Denied
/etc/mail/relay-domains
# echo "your.isp.example.com" > /etc/mail/relay-domains

your.isp.example.com
other.isp.example.net
users-isp.example.org
www.example.org

/etc/resolv.conf
FreeBSD.org
example.FreeBSD.org
# hostname
example.FreeBSD.org
# host example.FreeBSD.org
example.FreeBSD.org has address 204.216.27.XX

example.FreeBSD.org
# host example.FreeBSD.org
example.FreeBSD.org has address 204.216.27.XX
example.FreeBSD.org mail is handled (pri=10) by hub.FreeBSD.org

example.FreeBSD.org
hub
freefall.FreeBSD.org
freefall		MX	30	mail.crl.net
freefall		MX	40	agora.rdrop.com
freefall		MX	10	freefall.FreeBSD.org
freefall		MX	20	who.cdrom.com

freefall
*.FreeBSD.org
example.FreeBSD.org	A	204.216.27.XX		; ワークステーション
MX	10 hub.FreeBSD.org	; メールホスト

customer1.org
customer1.org
mail.myhost.com
customer1.org		MX	10 mail.myhost.com

customer1.org
customer1.org
FEATURE(use_cw_file)
/etc/mail/local-host-names
/etc/sendmail.cw
/etc/sendmail.cf
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
Cwyour.host.com
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf
# cd /cdrom/src
# cat scontrib.?? | tar xzf - -C /usr/src/contrib/sendmail

cf
README
mailertable
.mc
/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf
foo.mc
sendmail.cf
# cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf
# make foo.cf
# cp foo.cf /etc/mail/sendmail.cf

.mc
VERSIONID(`Your version number') OSTYPE(bsd4.4)

FEATURE(accept_unresolvable_domains)
FEATURE(nocanonify)
FEATURE(mailertable, `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable')

define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay)
define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000)
define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES')

MAILER(local)
MAILER(smtp)
MAILER(uucp)

Cw    your.alias.host.name
Cw    youruucpnodename.UUCP

accept_unresolvable_domains
nocanonify
confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES
UUCP_RELAY
/etc/mail/mailertable
#
# makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db < /etc/mail/mailertable
.                             uucp-dom:your.uucp.relay

#
# makemap hash /etc/mail/mailertable.db < /etc/mail/mailertable
#
horus.interface-business.de   uucp-dom:horus
.interface-business.de        uucp-dom:if-bus
interface-business.de         uucp-dom:if-bus
.heep.sax.de                  smtp8:%1
horus.UUCP                    uucp-dom:horus
if-bus.UUCP                   uucp-dom:if-bus
.                             uucp-dom:

uucp-neighbor 	!recipient
uucp-dom:
uuname
3,0
% sendmail -bt
ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked)
Enter <ruleset> <address>
> 3,0 foo@example.com
canonify           input: foo @ example . com
...
parse            returns: $# uucp-dom $@ your.uucp.relay $: foo < @ example . com . >
> ^D

example.net
user
bsd.home
relay.example.net
/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
MYADDR:
 !bg su user -c fetchmail

/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
fetchmail
 !bg su user -c "sendmail -q"

bsd.home
user
bsd.home
user
.fetchmailrc
poll example.net protocol pop3 fetchall pass MySecret

MySecret
user
from:
user@bsd.home
user@example.net
relay.example.net
.mc
VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0')
OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl
FEATURE(nouucp)dnl
MAILER(local)dnl
MAILER(smtp)dnl
Cwlocalhost
Cwbsd.home
MASQUERADE_AS(`example.net')dnl
FEATURE(allmasquerade)dnl
FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl
FEATURE(nocanonify)dnl
FEATURE(nodns)dnl
define(`SMART_HOST', `relay.example.net')
Dmbsd.home
define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',`bsd.home')dnl
define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl

.mc
sendmail.cf
sendmail.cf
security/cyrus-sasl
security/cyrus-sasl
security/cyrus-sasl
security/cyrus-sasl
/usr/local/lib/sasl/Sendmail.conf
pwcheck_method: passwd

passwd
/etc/make.conf
SENDMAIL_CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include/sasl1 -DSASL
SENDMAIL_LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/lib
SENDMAIL_LDADD=-lsasl

cyrus-sasl
cyrus-sasl
# cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail
# make cleandir
# make obj
# make
# make install

/usr/src
/etc/mail/freebsd.mc
.mc
.mc
dnl set SASL options
TRUST_AUTH_MECH(`GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN')dnl
define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS', `GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN')dnl
define(`confDEF_AUTH_INFO', `/etc/mail/auth-info')dnl

/etc/mail
.mc
freebsd.cf
.mc
.cf
make install restart
.cf
sendmail.cf
/etc/mail/Makefile
/var/log/maillog
/etc/rc.conf
sasl_pwcheck_enable="YES"
sasl_pwcheck_program="/usr/local/sbin/pwcheck"

netstat -r
Destination      Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use     Netif Expire

default          outside-gw         UGSc       37      418      ppp0
localhost        localhost          UH          0      181       lo0
test0            0:e0:b5:36:cf:4f   UHLW        5    63288       ed0     77
10.20.30.255     link#1             UHLW        1     2421
foobar.com       link#1             UC          0        0
host1            0:e0:a8:37:8:1e    UHLW        3     4601       lo0
host2            0:e0:a8:37:8:1e    UHLW        0        5       lo0 =>
host2.foobar.com link#1             UC          0        0
224              link#1	            UC          0        0

localhost
localhost
Netif
lo0
0:e0:...
test0
ed0
Expire
10.20.30.255
10.20.30
foobar.com
link#1
routed
routed
host1
lo0
host2
lo0
=>
link#1
224
Flags
c
Local1
Local2
...1
10.20.30
10.9.9
options BRIDGE

IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT
DUMMYNET
/etc/sysctl.conf
net.link.ether.bridge=1

net.link.ether.bridge_ipfw=1

nfsd
mountd
portmap
nfsiod
/etc/rc.conf
portmap_enable="YES"
nfs_server_enable="YES"
nfs_server_flags="-u -t -n 4"
mountd_flags="-r"

mountd
nfsd
nfsd
nfs_client_enable="YES"
nfs_client_flags="-n 4"

nfsd
nfsiod
/etc/exports
/etc/exports
/etc/hosts
/cdrom
/cdrom -ro moe larry curly

/home
/home  -alldirs  10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.4

/a
/a  -maproot=0  host.domain.com box.example.com

/etc/exports
# portmap
# nfsd -u -t -n 4
# mountd -r

# nfsiod -n 4

server
client
# mount server:/home /mnt

/mnt
/home
/etc/fstab
server:/home	/mnt	nfs	rw	0	0

/usr/ports/distfiles
fstab
fastws
freebox
/sharedfs
man exports
/project
freebox
/etc/fstab
fastws:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,-r=1024 0 0

freebox
# mount -t nfs -o -r=1024 fastws:/sharedfs /project

fastws
/etc/fstab
freebox:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,-w=1024 0 0

fastws
# mount -t nfs -o -w=1024 freebox:/sharedfs /project

netboot.com
netboot.rom
diskless:\
        :ht=ether:\
        :ha=0000c01f848a:\
        :sm=255.255.255.0:\
        :hn:\
        :ds=192.1.2.3:\
        :ip=192.1.2.4:\
        :gw=192.1.2.5:\
        :vm=rfc1048:

cfg.X.X.X.X
/tftpboot/cfg.X.X.X.X 	
X.X.X.X
X.X.X.X
X.X.X.X
X.X.X.X
name
name
ip:/fs
ip:/fs
size
rootfs 192.1.2.3:/rootfs/myclient
swapfs 192.1.2.3:/swapfs
swapsize 20000
hostname myclient.mydomain

rootfs 192.1.2.3:/rootfs/myclient
hostname myclient.mydomain

/etc/exports
/rootfs/myclient -maproot=0:0 myclient.mydomain
/swapfs -maproot=0:0 myclient.mydomain

/rootfs/myclient -root=myclient.mydomain
/swapfs -root=myclient.mydomain

dd
swapfs
/swapfs
/swapfs/swap.X.X.X.X 	
X.X.X.X
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 bs=1k count=20000

# chmod 0600 /swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4

/rootfs/myclient
/rootfs/myclient
/dev
/dev
sh ./MAKEDEV all
netboot.com
netboot.rom
/
/usr
/usr
/
/sys/i386/boot/netboot/Makefile
isdn4bsd
pub
ftp
anonymous
subscribe freebsd-isdn

---Sun ワークステーション
|
---FreeBSD マシン
|
---Windows 95 (別に勧めているわけじゃありません)
|
スタンドアローンルータ
   |
ISDN BRI ライン

-------Novell サーバ
|  |
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|  |
|   ---FreeBSD
|  |
|ブ ---Windows 95
|  |
|___---スタンドアローンルータ
    	|
    ISDN BRI ライン

portmap
portmap
ypbind
ypbind
ypbind
ypserv
ypbind
rpc.yppasswdd
master.passwd
group
hosts
passwd
group
/etc/passwd
/etc/master.passwd
adduser
ellington
10.0.0.2
coltrane
10.0.0.3
basie
10.0.0.4
bird
10.0.0.5
cli[1-11]
10.0.0.[6-17]
/var/yp/[domainname]
[domainname]
ypserv
ypserv
/etc/rc.conf
nisdomainname="test-domain"

nis_server_enable="YES"

nis_yppasswdd_enable="YES"

rpc.yppasswdd
/etc/netstart
/etc/rc.conf
/var/yp
/etc
/etc/master.passwd
# cp /etc/master.passwd /var/yp/master.passwd
# cd /var/yp
# vi master.passwd

/var/yp/master.passwd
chmod
ypinit
ypsetup
ypinit
ellington# ypinit -m test-domain
Server Type: MASTER Domain: test-domain
Creating an YP server will require that you answer a few questions.
Questions will all be asked at the beginning of the procedure.
Do you want this procedure to quit on non-fatal errors? [y/n: n] n
Ok, please remember to go back and redo manually whatever fails.
If you don't, something might not work.
At this point, we have to construct a list of this domains YP servers.
rod.darktech.org is already known as master server.
Please continue to add any slave servers, one per line. When you are
done with the list, type a <control D>.
master server   :  ellington
next host to add:  coltrane
next host to add:  ^D
The current list of NIS servers looks like this:
ellington
coltrane
Is this correct?  [y/n: y] y

[..output from map generation..]

NIS Map update completed.
ellington has been setup as an YP master server without any errors.

ypinit
/var/yp/Makefile
/var/yp/Makefile.dist
/var/yp/Makefile
ellington# vi /var/yp/Makefile

/etc/rc.conf
ypinit
coltrane# ypinit -s ellington test-domain

Server Type: SLAVE Domain: test-domain Master: ellington

Creating an YP server will require that you answer a few questions.
Questions will all be asked at the beginning of the procedure.

Do you want this procedure to quit on non-fatal errors? [y/n: n]  n

Ok, please remember to go back and redo manually whatever fails.
If you don't, something might not work. 
There will be no further questions. The remainder of the procedure
should take a few minutes, to copy the databases from ellington.
Transferring netgroup...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring netgroup.byuser...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring netgroup.byhost...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring master.passwd.byuid...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring passwd.byuid...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring passwd.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring group.bygid...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring group.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring services.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring rpc.bynumber...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring rpc.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring protocols.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring master.passwd.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring networks.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring networks.byaddr...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring netid.byname...
ypxfr: Exiting: Map successfully transferred
Transferring hos

デバイスの名前	IRQ	IO ポート	メモ
1 台目のハードディスク	N/A	N/A	40 GB, Seagate 製、プライマリ IDE マスタ
CDROM	N/A	N/A	プライマリ IDE スレーブ
2 台目のハードディスク	N/A	N/A	20 GB, IBM 製、セカンダリ IDE マスタ
1 つ目の IDE コントローラ	14	0x1f0
ネットワークカード	N/A	N/A	Intel 10/100
モデム	N/A	N/A	3Com® 56K ファックスモデム、COM1 に接続
...

パーティション	ファイルシステム	サイズ	説明
`a`	`/`	1 GB	これはルートファイルシステムです。他のファイルシステムはすべてこの下のどこかにマウントされるでしょう。 1 GB はこのファイルシステムに手ごろなサイズです。通常の FreeBSD インストールがここに約 128 MB のデータを配置するように、ここにはあまり多くのデータを格納しないでしょう。残りの領域は一時的なデータのためにあり、そして FreeBSD の将来のバージョンが `/` により多くの領域を必要とした場合の拡張領域として残します。
`b`	なし	メモリの 2-3 倍	`b` パーティションには、システムのスワップ領域が保持されています。スワップ領域の正しい容量を決めることは、ちょっとした芸術かもしれません。確実な経験則は、物理的なメモリ (RAM) の 2-3 倍のサイズのスワップ領域とするように、としています。また、最低 64 MB のスワップを確保するといいでしょう。したがって、あなたのコンピュータが 32 MB 未満のメモリを搭載している時は、スワップ領域を 64 MB にしてください。二つ以上のディスクがあるときには、それぞれのディスクにスワップを置くことができます。 FreeBSD はそれぞれのディスクをスワップに用い、スワップ動作を効果的に高速化させるでしょう。この場合、必要とするスワップサイズの合計を計算し (たとえば 128 MB)、それぞれのディスクに置くスワップサイズを求めるために、あなたの持っているディスク数 (たとえば二つ) で割ってください。この例の場合は、一つのディスクごとに 64 MB のスワップとなります。
`e`	`/var`	512 MB ～ 4096 MB	`/var` ディレクトリには、ログファイルやその他の管理ファイルといった、絶えず変化するファイルが保存されています。これらのファイルの多くは FreeBSD の毎日の動作の間に広範囲にわたって読みこまれ、書きこまれます。 (訳注: `/`とは) 別のファイルシステムにこれらのファイルを置くことは、異なったアクセス頻度のディレクトリ内にある他のファイルに影響を与えずに、 FreeBSD がこれらのファイルへのアクセスを最適化することを可能とします。
`f`	`/usr`	ディスクの残り (少なくとも 8 GB)	他のすべてのファイルは、主に `/usr` およびそのサブディレクトリ内に保存されます。

パーティション	ファイルシステム	サイズ	説明
`b`	なし	説明を参照	すでに議論したように、スワップ領域をそれぞれのディスクにわたって分割できます。たとえ `a` パーティションが (訳注: そのスライスに) ないとしても、慣習により、スワップ領域は `b` パーティションとなります。
`e`	/disk`n`	ディスクの残り	ディスクの残りは一つの大きなパーティションとなります。これは `e` パーティションの代わりに、 `a` パーティション上へ簡単に置くことができるかもしれません。しかしながら慣習により、スライス上の `a` パーティションはルート (`/`) ファイルシステムとなるファイルシステムのために予約されています。あなたはこの慣習にしたがう必要はありませんが sysinstall が代わりにやってくれます。したがってこのことにより、インストールが少しだけより簡単になります。このファイルシステムをマウントする場所をどこでも選択できます。この例では、これらを `/diskn` ディレクトリとしてマウントするよう提案しています。 `n` はそれぞれのディスクごとに変更する数字です。しかしあなたが望むなら他の構成を使用できます。

ファイル名	内容
`FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-bootonly.iso`	CD-ROM ドライブを備えたマシンで起動できるイメージです。この CD のみを使って FreeBSD をインストールすることはできません。この CD から起動した後は、(FTP サーバなどから) ネットワーク経由でインストール作業をします。
`FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-dvd1.iso.gz`	この DVD イメージには、 FreeBSD オペレーティングシステムのベースシステム、コンパイル済みの package 一式、ドキュメントをインストールするために必要なものが入っています。 “livefs” ベースのレスキューモードで起動することも可能です。
`FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-memstick.img`	USB メモリスティックに書き込めるイメージです。 USB ドライブからの起動可能なコンピュータでは、これをインストールに使うことができます。 “livefs” ベースのレスキューモードで起動することも可能です。 package は、ドキュメントに関連するもののみが入っています。 FreeBSD 7.`X` 以前ではこのイメージを利用できません。
`FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-disc1.iso`	この CD イメージには、 FreeBSD オペレーティングシステムのベースシステムとドキュメントインストールするために必要なものが入っています。その他の package は含まれていません。
`FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-disc2.iso`	この CD イメージには、ディスクに収まる容量のサードパーティ製 package が含まれています。このイメージは、 FreeBSD 8.`X` 以降では利用できません。
`FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-disc3.iso`	ディスクに収まる容量のサードパーティ製 package を含むもう 1 つの CD イメージです。このイメージは、 FreeBSD 8.`X` 以降では利用できません。
`FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-docs.iso`	FreeBSD ドキュメント。このイメージは、 FreeBSD 8.`X` 以降では利用できません。
`FreeBSD-version-RELEASE-arch-livefs.iso`	“livefs” ベースのレスキューモードで起動できるイメージです。この CD のみを使ってシステムをインストールすることはできません。

省略形	説明
APM	Apple パーティションマップ。 PowerPC® Macintosh で使われます。
BSD	MBR を用いない BSD ラベル。しばしば "dangerously dedicated mode" と呼ばれます。 bsdlabel(8) をご覧ください。
GPT	GUID パーティションテーブル
MBR	Master Boot Record
PC98	MBR の亜種。NEC PC-98 コンピュータで使われます。
VTOC8	Volume Table Of Contents。 Sun SPARC64 および UltraSPARC コンピュータで使われます。

パーティションタイプ	サイズ	マウントポイント	ラベル
`freebsd-boot`	`512K`
`freebsd-ufs`	`2G`	`/`	`exrootfs`
`freebsd-swap`	`4G`		`exswap`
`freebsd-ufs`	`2G`	`/var`	`exvarfs`
`freebsd-ufs`	`1G`	`/tmp`	`extmpfs`
`freebsd-ufs`	デフォルト (ディスクの残りのすべての容量)	`/usr`	`exusrfs`

値	許可属性	ディレクトリの表示
0	読み込み不可、書き込み不可、実行不可	`---`
1	読み込み不可、書き込み不可、実行可能	`--x`
2	読み込み不可、書き込み可能、実行不可	`-w-`
3	読み込み不可、書き込み可能、実行可能	`-wx`
4	読み込み可能、書き込み不可、実行不可	`r--`
5	読み込み可能、書き込み不可、実行可能	`r-x`
6	読み込み可能、書き込み可能、実行不可	`rw-`
7	読み込み可能、書き込み可能、実行可能	`rwx`

ディレクトリ	説明
`/`	ファイルシステムのルートディレクトリ
`/bin/`	シングルユーザ環境とマルチユーザ環境の両方で重要なユーザユーティリティ
`/boot/`	オペレーティングシステムの起動時に使われるプログラムと設定ファイル
`/boot/defaults/`	デフォルトの起動設定ファイル; loader.conf(5) 参照
`/dev/`	デバイスノード; intro(4) 参照
`/etc/`	システム設定ファイルとスクリプト
`/etc/defaults/`	デフォルトのシステム設定ファイル; rc(8) 参照
`/etc/mail/`	sendmail(8) のようなメール転送エージェントの設定ファイル
`/etc/namedb/`	`named` 設定ファイル; named(8) 参照
`/etc/periodic/`	cron(8) 経由で毎日・毎週・毎月実行されるスクリプト; periodic(8) 参照
`/etc/ppp/`	`ppp` 設定ファイル; ppp(8) 参照
`/mnt/`	システム管理者が一時的なマウントポイントとしてよく使う空のディレクトリ
`/proc/`	プロセスファイルシステム; procfs(5) と mount_procfs(8) 参照
`/root/`	`root` アカウントのホームディレクトリ
`/sbin/`	シングルユーザ環境とマルチユーザ環境の両方で重要なシステムプログラムと管理ユーティリティ
`/stand/`	スタンドアロン環境で使われるプログラム
`/tmp/`	一時的なファイル、mfs(8) メモリファイルシステムであることが多い (普通 `/tmp` の内容はシステムの再起動で失われる)
`/usr/`	大部分のユーザユーティリティとアプリケーション
`/usr/bin/`	よく使うユーティリティとプログラミングツールとアプリケーション
`/usr/include/`	C の標準ヘッダファイル
`/usr/lib/`	ライブラリ
`/usr/libdata/`	いろいろなユーティリティのデータファイル
`/usr/libexec/`	システムデーモンとシステムユーティリティ (他のプログラムから実行される)
`/usr/local/`	ローカルのプログラムやライブラリなど。 FreeBSD ports 構成のデフォルトインストール先としても使われます。 `/usr/local` 内では、 hier(7) に書かれている `/usr` のための一般構造が使われます。例外は man ディレクトリで、 `/usr/local/share` の下ではなく `/usr/local` の下に直接置かれ、 ports 関係文書は `share/doc/port` にあります。
`/usr/obj/`	`/usr/src` ツリーのビルドで作られるアーキテクチャ依存のターゲットツリー
`/usr/ports`	FreeBSD Ports Collection (インストールしなくてもよい)。
`/usr/sbin/`	(ユーザが実行する) システムデーモンとシステムユーティリティ
`/usr/share/`	アーキテクチャに依存しないファイル
`/usr/src/`	BSD のソースファイルまたはローカルのソースファイル、あるいは両方
`/usr/X11R6/`	X11R6 のプログラム、ライブラリなど (インストールしなくてもよい)
`/var/`	ログ・一時的なファイル・スプールファイルなどいろいろな用途
`/var/log/`	いろいろなシステムログファイル
`/var/mail/`	ユーザのメールボックスファイル
`/var/spool/`	プリンタとメールシステムのスプールディレクトリなどなど
`/var/tmp/`	システムが再起動しても消えない一時的なファイル
`/var/yp`	NIS のマップ

変数名	意味
`USER`	現在のログインユーザのユーザ名。
`PATH`	コロンで区切られた実行ファイル探索のためのディレクトリのリスト。
`DISPLAY`	接続する X11 ディスプレイのネットワーク名 (存在する場合のみ)。
`SHELL`	現在のシェル。
`TERM`	ユーザの端末名。端末のケーパビリティを決定するのに使われる。
`TERMCAP`	種々の端末の機能を実現する端末のエスケープコードのデータベースのエントリ。
`OSTYPE`	オペレーティングシステムの種別。たとえば FreeBSD。
`MACHTYPE`	システムが動作している CPU のアーキテクチャ。
`EDITOR`	ユーザの選んだテキストエディタ。
`PAGER`	ユーザの選んだテキストページャ。
`MANPATH`	コロンで区切られたマニュアルページ探索のためのディレクトリのリスト。

記号	意味
=	インストールされている package のバージョンは、ローカル ports ツリーのものと一致しています。
<	インストールされているバージョンは、ローカル ports ツリーのものより古いです。
>	インストールされているバージョンは、ローカル ports ツリーのものより新しいです (おそらくローカル ports ツリーは古くなっています)。
?	インストールされた package を ports インデックスの中に見つけることができません (インストールされた port が Ports Collection から削除されたり、名前が変更された場合などに起こります)。
*	複数のバージョンの package が存在します。
!	インストールされた package はインデックス中に存在しますが、何らかの理由で、インストールされた package のバージョン番号をインデックス中のエントリと比較できません。

ファイル	説明
`Xaccess`	クライアント認証のルールセット
`Xresources`	デフォルトの X リソース
`Xservers`	管理すべきリモートやローカルのディスプレイのリスト
`Xsession`	デフォルトのログイン時のセッションスクリプト
`Xsetup_`*	ログインインタフェースの前にアプリケーションを起動するためのスクリプト
`xdm-config`	このマシンで動いているすべてのディスプレイのグローバルな設定
`xdm-errors`	サーバプログラムによって生成されるエラー
`xdm-pid`	現在動いている XDM のプロセス ID

アプリケーション名	必要なリソース	port からのインストール	実行に必要となる主な環境
Firefox	中	重	Gtk+
Opera	少	軽	FreeBSD 版と Linux 版を利用することができます。 Linux 版のバイナリを実行するには、 Linux バイナリ互換機能を有効にし、 linux-openmotif をインストールする必要があります。
Konqueror	中	重	KDE ライブラリ
Chromium	中	中	Gtk+

アプリケーション名	必要なリソース	port からのインストール	実行に必要となる主な環境
KOffice	少	重	KDE
AbiWord	少	軽	Gtk+ または GNOME
Gimp	少	重	Gtk+
OpenOffice.org	多	莫大	JDK™, Mozilla
LibreOffice	やや多	莫大	Gtk+ または KDE/ GNOME または JDK

アプリケーション名	必要なリソース	port からのインストール	実行に必要になる主な環境
Acrobat Reader	少	軽	Linux バイナリ互換機能
gv	少	軽	Xaw3d
Xpdf	少	軽	FreeType
GQview	少	軽	Gtk+ または GNOME

アプリケーション名	必要なリソース	port からのインストール	実行に必要になる主な環境
GnuCash	少	重	GNOME
Gnumeric	少	重	GNOME
Abacus	少	軽	Tcl/Tk
KMyMoney	少	重	KDE

アプリケーション名	package 名	port 名
Opera	`opera`	`www/opera`
Firefox	`firefox`	`www/firefox`
Chromium	`chromium`	`www/chromium`
KOffice	`koffice-kde4`	`editors/koffice-kde4`
AbiWord	`abiword`	`editors/abiword`
GIMP	`gimp`	`graphics/gimp`
OpenOffice.org	`openoffice`	`editors/openoffice.org-3`
LibreOffice	`libreoffice`	`editors/libreoffice`
Acrobat Reader	`acroread`	`print/acroread8`
gv	`gv`	`print/gv`
Xpdf	`xpdf`	`graphics/xpdf`
GQview	`gqview`	`graphics/gqview`
GnuCash	`gnucash`	`finance/gnucash`
Gnumeric	`gnumeric`	`math/gnumeric`
Abacus	`abacus`	`deskutils/abacus`
KMyMoney	`kmymoney2`	`finance/kmymoney2`

エラー	解決方法
“`sb_dspwr(XX) timed out`”	使用する I/O ポートが適切に設定されていません。
“`bad irq XX`”	使用する IRQ が正しく設定されていません。サウンドカードの IRQ と設定した IRQ が同じかどうか確かめてください。
“`xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of memory`”	デバイスを使用するのに十分なメモリを確保できません。
“`xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!`”	`fstat \| grep dsp` を使って、他のアプリケーションがデバイスを使用しているか調べてください。注目すべきトラブルメーカは esound と KDE のサウンド機能です。

ファイル形式	`/etc/printcap`項目	`lpr` オプション
cifplot	`cf`	`-c`
DVI	`df`	`-d`
plot	`gf`	`-g`
ditroff	`nf`	`-n`
FORTRAN text	`rf`	`-f`
troff	`tf`	`-f`
raster	`vf`	`-v`
プレインテキスト	`if`	なし、`-p`、または `-l`

プリンタが CR を受け取ったとき	CR 動作 (復帰) をおこなう
プリンタが LF を受け取ったとき	CR + LF 動作 (復帰、改行) をおこなう

変数	値
`LD_LIBRARY_PATH`	`$ORACLE_HOME/lib`
`CLASSPATH`	`$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/classes111.zip`
`PATH`	`/compat/linux/bin /compat/linux/sbin /compat/linux/usr/bin /compat/linux/usr/sbin /bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin /usr/local/bin $ORACLE_HOME/bin`

名称	番号	説明
KERNEL	51009113	SAP Kernel Oracle / Installation / AIX, Linux, Solaris
RDBMS	51007558	Oracle / RDBMS 8.0.5.X / Linux
EXPORT1	51010208	IDES / DB-Export / Disc 1 of 6
EXPORT2	51010209	IDES / DB-Export / Disc 2 of 6
EXPORT3	51010210	IDES / DB-Export / Disc3 of 6
EXPORT4	51010211	IDES / DB-Export / Disc4 of 6
EXPORT5	51010212	IDES / DB-Export / Disc5 of 6
EXPORT6	51010213	IDES / DB-Export / Disc6 of 6

番号	題名
0171356	SAP Software auf Linux: grundlegenden Anmerkungen
0201147	INST: 4.6C R/3 Inst. on UNIX - Oracle
0373203	Update / Migration Oracle 8.0.5 --> 8.0.6/8.1.6 LINUX
0072984	Release of Digital UNIX 4.0B for Oracle
0130581	R3SETUP step DIPGNTAB terminates
0144978	Your system has not been installed correctly
0162266	Questions and tips for R3SETUP on Windows NT / W2K

構成部品	4.6B	4.6C
プロセッサ	2 × 800MHz Pentium III	2 × 800MHz Pentium III
メモリ	1GB ECC	2GB ECC
ハードディスク容量	50-60GB (IDES)	50-60GB (IDES)

ファイルシステム	容量 (1kB ブロック)	容量 (GB)	マウントポイント
/dev/da0s1a	1.016.303	1	/
/dev/da0s1b		6	<swap>
/dev/da0s1e	2.032.623	2	/var
/dev/da0s1f	8.205.339	8	/usr
/dev/da1s1e	45.734.361	45	/compat/linux/oracle
/dev/da1s1f	2.032.623	2	/compat/linux/sapmnt
/dev/da1s1g	2.032.623	2	/compat/linux/usr/sap

マウントポイント	サイズ (GB)
/compat/linux/oracle	45 GB
/compat/linux/sapmnt	2 GB
/compat/linux/usr/sap	2 GB

グループ ID	グループ名	説明
100	dba	データベース管理者
101	sapsys	SAP システム
102	oper	データベースオペレータ

ユーザ ID	ユーザ名	一般名称	グループ	追加グループ	説明
1000	idsadm	<sid>adm	sapsys	oper	SAP 管理者
1002	oraids	ora<sid>	dba	oper	DB 管理者

質問	デフォルト	入力
Enter SAP System ID (SAP システム ID を入力してください)	[C11]	IDS<ret>
Enter SAP Instance Number (SAP インスタンス番号を入力してください)	[00]	<ret>
Enter SAPMOUNT Directory (SAPMOUNT ディレクトリを入力してください)	[/sapmnt]	<ret>
Enter name of SAP central host (SAP 中心ホストの名称を入力してください)	[troubadix.domain.de]	<ret>
Enter name of SAP db host (SAP データベースホストの名称を入力してください)	[troubadix]	<ret>
Select character set (文字集合を選択してください)	[1] (WE8DEC)	<ret>
Enter Oracle server version (Oracle サーバのバージョンを入力してください) (1) Oracle 8.0.5, (2) Oracle 8.0.6, (3) Oracle 8.1.5, (4) Oracle 8.1.6		1<ret>
Extract Oracle Client archive (Oracle クライアントアーカイブを展開しますか)	[1] (はい、展開します)	<ret>
Enter path to KERNEL CD (KERNEL CD へのパスを入力してください)	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/KERNEL
Enter path to RDBMS CD (RDBMS CD へのパスを入力してください)	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/RDBMS
Enter path to EXPORT1 CD (EXPORT1 CD へのパスを入力してください)	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT1
Directory to copy EXPORT1 CD (EXPORT1 CD をコピーするディレクトリ)	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD4_DIR]	<ret>
Enter path to EXPORT2 CD (EXPORT2 CD へのパスを入力してください)	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT2
Directory to copy EXPORT2 CD (EXPORT2 CD をコピーするディレクトリ)	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD5_DIR]	<ret>
Enter path to EXPORT3 CD (EXPORT3 CD へのパスを入力してください)	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT3
Directory to copy EXPORT3 CD (EXPORT3 CD をコピーするディレクトリ)	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD6_DIR]	<ret>
Enter path to EXPORT4 CD (EXPORT4 CD へのパスを入力してください)	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT4
Directory to copy EXPORT4 CD (EXPORT4 CD をコピーするディレクトリ)	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD7_DIR]	<ret>
Enter path to EXPORT5 CD (EXPORT5 CD へのパスを入力してください)	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT5
Directory to copy EXPORT5 CD (EXPORT5 CD をコピーするディレクトリ)	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD8_DIR]	<ret>
Enter path to EXPORT6 CD (EXPORT6 CD へのパスを入力してください)	[/sapcd]	/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/EXPORT6
Directory to copy EXPORT6 CD (EXPORT6 CD をコピーするディレクトリ)	[/oracle/IDS/sapreorg/CD9_DIR]	<ret>
Enter amount of RAM for SAP + DB (SAP + DB に割り当てる RAM の合計を入力してください)		850<ret> (MB)
Service Entry Message Server	[3600]	<ret>
Enter Group-ID of sapsys (sapsys のグループ ID を入力してください)	[101]	<ret>
Enter Group-ID of oper (oper のグループ ID を入力してください)	[102]	<ret>
Enter Group-ID of dba (dba のグループ ID を入力してください)	[100]	<ret>
Enter User-ID of <sid>adm (<sid>adm のユーザ ID を入力してください)	[1000]	<ret>
Enter User-ID of ora<sid> (ora<sid> のユーザ ID を入力してください)	[1002]	<ret>
Number of parallel procs (並列プロセスの数)	[2]	<ret>

質問	入力
Enter Password for sapr3 (sapr3 のパスワードを入力してください)	sap<ret>
Confirum Password for sapr3 (sapr3 のパスワードを再入力してください)	sap<ret>
Enter Password for sys (sys のパスワードを入力してください)	change_on_install<ret>
Confirm Password for sys (sys のパスワードを再入力してください)	change_on_install<ret>
Enter Password for system (system のパスワードを入力してください)	manager<ret>
Confirm Password for system (system のパスワードを再入力してください)	manager<ret>

FreeBSD ドキュメンテーションプロジェクト

前書き

想定している読者

第 1 版からの変更

この文書の構成

この文書で用いられている表記法

書体による表記

ユーザー入力

例

謝辞

I. 導入

Chapter 1 はじめに

Chapter 2 FreeBSD のインストール (8.x 以前の場合)

Chapter 3 FreeBSD のインストール (9.x 以降の場合)

Chapter 2 FreeBSD のインストール (8.`x` 以前の場合)

Chapter 3 FreeBSD のインストール (9.`x` 以降の場合)

作業	トランザクション
トランスポートシステムの設定。たとえば、スタンドアロントランスポートエンティティ	STMS
システム用のプロファイルの作成・編集	RZ10
操作モードとインスタンスの維持管理	RZ04

`/etc`	システム全般の設定情報。ここにあるデータはシステム固有のものです。
`/etc/defaults`	デフォルトのシステム設定ファイル。
`/etc/mail`	追加的な sendmail(8) の設定、他の MTA の設定ファイル。
`/etc/ppp`	ユーザモード、およびカーネルモードの ppp プログラムの設定。
`/etc/namedb`	named(8) のデータのデフォルトの置場。通常 boot ファイルはここに置かれ、 `/var/db` に置かれた他のデータを参照するディレクティブを含みます。
`/usr/local/etc`	インストールされたアプリケーションの設定ファイル。アプリケーションごとのサブディレクトリを含んでいることがあります。
`/usr/local/etc/rc.d`	インストールされたアプリケーションの起動/停止スクリプト。
`/var/db`	永続的なシステム固有のデータファイル。たとえば named(8) のゾーンファイル、データベースファイル等。

`nameserver`	リゾルバが問い合わせるべきネームサーバの IP アドレス。サーバはリストの順に 3 番目まで問い合わせられます。
`search`	ホスト名をルックアップするための検索リスト。通常、ローカルなホスト名のドメインから決定されます。
`domain`	ローカルドメイン名。

ドライブの種類	ドライブのデバイス名
IDE ハードドライブ	`ad`
IDE CD-ROM ドライブ	`acd`
SCSI ハードドライブおよび USB 大容量記憶デバイス	`da`
SCSI CD-ROM ドライブ	`cd`
その他の非標準的 CD-ROM ドライブ	ミツミ CD-ROM は `mcd`, Sony CD-ROM は `scd`, 松下/パナソニック CD-ROM は `matcd` [a]
フロッピードライブ	`fd`
SCSI テープドライブ	`sa`
IDE テープドライブ	`ast`
フラッシュドライブ	DiskOnChip® フラッシュデバイスは `fla`
RAID ドライブ	Adaptec® AdvancedRAID は `aacd`, Mylex® は `mlxd` および `mlyd`, AMI MegaRAID® は `amrd`, Compaq Smart RAID は `idad`, 3ware® RAID は`twed`
Notes: a. matcd(4) ドライバは 2002 年 10 月 5 日に FreeBSD 4.X ブランチから削除されました。また、FreeBSD 5.0 および 5.1 リリースには存在しませんが、 2003 年 6 月 16 日に FreeBSD 5.X ブランチに復帰しました。

言語/国コード	説明
en_US	英語 (合衆国)
ru_RU	ロシア語 (ロシア)
zh_TW	繁体字中国語 (台湾)

文字セット	端末タイプ
ISO8859-1 もしくは ISO8859-15	`cons25l1`
ISO8859-2	`cons25l2`
ISO8859-7	`cons25l7`
KOI8-R	`cons25r`
KOI8-U	`cons25u`
CP437 (VGA のデフォルト)	`cons25`
US-ASCII	`cons25w`

言語	ports の位置
繁体字中国語 (BIG-5)	`chinese/big5con`
日本語	`japanese/kon2-16dot` または `japanese/mule-freewnn`
韓国語	`korean/han`

Signal	Pin #		Pin #	Signal
TxD	2	connects to	3	RxD
RxD	3	connects to	2	TxD
DTR	20	connects to	6	DSR
DSR	6	connects to	20	DTR
SG	7	connects to	7	SG
DCD	8	connects to	4	RTS
RTS	4		5	CTS
CTS	5	connects to	8	DCD

オプション指定	メッセージの表示される場所
なし	内蔵
`-h`	シリアル
`-D`	シリアルと内蔵の両方
`-Dh`	シリアルと内蔵の両方
`-P`、キーボードが存在する場合	内蔵
`-P`、キーボードが存在しない場合	シリアル

ファイル名	機能
`/etc/mail/access`	sendmail アクセスデータベースファイル
`/etc/mail/aliases`	メールボックスエイリアス
`/etc/mail/local-host-names`	sendmail が受け付ける配送先ホストのリスト
`/etc/mail/mailer.conf`	メーラプログラムの設定
`/etc/mail/mailertable`	メーラ配送表
`/etc/mail/sendmail.cf`	sendmail の主設定ファイル
`/etc/mail/virtusertable`	仮想ユーザおよび仮想ドメイン表