12.11. Configuration Files

12.11. Configuration Files
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12.11.1. `/etc` Layout

There are a number of directories in which configuration information is kept. These include:

`/etc`	Generic system configuration information; data here is system-specific.
`/etc/defaults`	Default versions of system configuration files.
`/etc/mail`	Extra sendmail(8) configuration, other MTA configuration files.
`/etc/ppp`	Configuration for both user- and kernel-ppp programs.
`/etc/namedb`	Default location for named(8) data. Normally `named.conf` and zone files are stored here.
`/usr/local/etc`	Configuration files for installed applications. May contain per-application subdirectories.
`/usr/local/etc/rc.d`	Start/stop scripts for installed applications.
`/var/db`	Automatically generated system-specific database files, such as the package database, the locate database, and so on

12.11.2. Hostnames

12.11.2.1. `/etc/resolv.conf`

/etc/resolv.conf dictates how FreeBSD's resolver accesses the Internet Domain Name System (DNS).

The most common entries to resolv.conf are:

`nameserver`	The IP address of a name server the resolver should query. The servers are queried in the order listed with a maximum of three.
`search`	Search list for hostname lookup. This is normally determined by the domain of the local hostname.
`domain`	The local domain name.

A typical resolv.conf:

search example.com nameserver 147.11.1.11 nameserver 147.11.100.30

Note:

Only one of the search and domain options should be used.

When using DHCP, dhclient(8) usually rewrites resolv.conf with information received from the DHCP server.

12.11.2.2. `/etc/hosts`

/etc/hosts is a simple text database reminiscent of the old Internet. It works in conjunction with DNS and NIS providing name to IP address mappings. Local computers connected via a LAN can be placed in here for simplistic naming purposes instead of setting up a named(8) server. Additionally, /etc/hosts can be used to provide a local record of Internet names, reducing the need to query externally for commonly accessed names.

# $FreeBSD$ # # # Host Database # # This file should contain the addresses and aliases for local hosts that # share this file. Replace 'my.domain' below with the domainname of your # machine. # # In the presence of the domain name service or NIS, this file may # not be consulted at all; see /etc/nsswitch.conf for the resolution order. # # ::1 localhost localhost.my.domain 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.my.domain # # Imaginary network. #10.0.0.2 myname.my.domain myname #10.0.0.3 myfriend.my.domain myfriend # # According to RFC 1918, you can use the following IP networks for # private nets which will never be connected to the Internet: # # 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 # 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 # 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 # # In case you want to be able to connect to the Internet, you need # real official assigned numbers. Do not try to invent your own network # numbers but instead get one from your network provider (if any) or # from your regional registry (ARIN, APNIC, LACNIC, RIPE NCC, or AfriNIC.) #

/etc/hosts takes on the simple format of:

[Internet address] [official hostname] [alias1] [alias2] ...

For example:

10.0.0.1 myRealHostname.example.com myRealHostname foobar1 foobar2

Consult hosts(5) for more information.

12.11.3. `sysctl.conf`

sysctl.conf looks much like rc.conf. Values are set in a variable=value form. The specified values are set after the system goes into multi-user mode. Not all variables are settable in this mode.

To turn off logging of fatal signal exits and prevent users from seeing processes started from other users, the following tunables can be set in sysctl.conf:

# Do not log fatal signal exits (e.g., sig 11) kern.logsigexit=0 # Prevent users from seeing information about processes that # are being run under another UID. security.bsd.see_other_uids=0

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